Cultivation techniques of peppermint

Peppermint, the soil called "Yindan grass", is a plant of the family Labiatae, that is, it also belongs to other dry herbs. Most of them are born in mountains, wetlands and rivers, and the roots are underground, mostly at an altitude of 2100 meters, but they can also grow at an altitude of 3500 meters. It is a kind of aromatic crop with special economic value. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of peppermint.

I. selection of land and land preparation

The soil is not strict and can be cultivated except for over-acid and over-alkali soil. Choose the scattered land with sufficient light on the edge of the pond, house, canal and so on under the conditions of drainage and irrigation, which is fertile and flat. Sand, lack of light, dry and easy to stagnant land is not easy to plant. Land that has been planted with mint needs about 3 years of leisure before it can be replanted. The yield was affected by underground residual roots. Soil preparation, deep ploughing, application of rotten compost, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and bone meal as base fertilizer, 37500 to 45000 kg per hectare, rake fine, shallow hoe once, turn the fertilizer into the soil, break the soil, rake flat to make the bed 200 cm wide.

2. Seedling breeding and propagation

Raising seedlings

1. Rhizome propagation: the cultivation of seed roots was carried out in late April or late August. The plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as mother plants in the field and planted according to the row spacing of 20 × 10cm. After the aboveground stems and leaves were harvested in early winter, the rhizomes were left in place as seed plants.

2. Split propagation: peppermint seedlings are about 15cm high, should be inter-seedling and supplementary seedling. The seedlings were transplanted by means of interstitial seedlings.

3. Cuttage propagation: from May to June, the aboveground stems and branches were cut into 10cm cuttings, and the seedlings were raised by cutting according to the row spacing of 7 × 3cm on the whole seedling bed, and then transplanted to the field after rooting and sprouting. [4]

Transplant

The main results are as follows: 1. peppermint was transplanted before germination in the early spring of the second year, early planting and early germination, long growth period and high yield. When planting, dig up the rhizome, select the strong, short Internode, disease-free rhizome as the seed root, cut into 7-10cm long segments, and then on the whole border surface according to the row spacing 25cm, open the deep trench of 10cm. According to the distance between 10cm plants, the seed roots were placed obliquely in the ditch to cover the fine soil, step on the soil and water it.

2. Pick the heart and hit the top, when the plant grows vigorously in May, the terminal bud should be removed in time to promote the growth of lateral branches, stems and leaves, which is beneficial to increase yield.

III. Field management

1. Check seedlings and replant. After the basic whole seedling in the field, the seedlings should be checked in time, and the missing or sparse points and pieces of seedlings should be replanted.

2. Ploughing and weeding. After the whole seedling, inter-row ploughing weeding, artificial weeding among plants, in order to preserve soil moisture, increase soil temperature, eliminate weeds and promote seedling growth. Ploughing and weeding for 2 times 3 times before closing. Remove weeds from the field before harvest to prevent the smell of other weeds from affecting the quality of peppermint oil.

3. Topdressing at the right time. When the seedling height was 10-15cm, urea 10kg was applied per mu, and 5ml + 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 150g urea was sprayed twice per mu after closing.

4. Scientific watering. Peppermint needs more water in the early and middle stages, especially in the early stage of growth, the root system has not yet been formed and needs more water, generally watering one water for about 15 days, and 4 Mel water for 5 times from seedling emergence to harvest. After sealing, it should be irrigated gently to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves, lodging, resulting in the shedding of the lower leaves and reducing the yield. The water will be cut off for 25 days before harvest. [5]

IV. Disease and pest control

Disease prevention and cure

The main disease of mint is black shank, which occurs at the seedling stage. The symptoms are that the base of the stem shrinks and sinks, blackens and rotts, and the plant loses and wilts. For prevention and treatment, 70% chlorothalonil or 40% carbendazim 100-150g can be sprayed with water during the onset of the disease.

Peppermint rust, which is easy to occur from May to July, is sprayed with 25% trimethoprim 1000 Mel 1500 times liquid blade spray.

Spot blight, which occurs from May to October, can be controlled by spraying 65% of Dysen zinc 500 times at the initial stage of the disease.

Pest control

The main pest of mint is "bridge-building insect", and the damage period is about the middle of June and the end of August. In general, the population density is up to 10 heads per square meter, which can be killed by 15-20ml per mu, sprayed twice with 1ml, or sprayed with 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos.