Planting Technology of Walnut

Cultivated walnut can be put into production in 2 years, put into production in 3-5 years, and enter the full-fruit period in 6-7 years. After entering the full-fruit period, the yield of nuts per mu can reach 500-800 jin. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of walnuts.

Gardening and planting

1. The choice of garden. Walnut is not strict on environmental conditions. It can be planted as long as the annual average temperature is above 9: 16 ℃ and the annual rainfall is more than 800mm. Walnut has a wide range of adaptability to soil, but because it is a deep-rooted fruit tree with weak resistance, it is more suitable to choose loam with deep, fertile and strong water retention. Walnut is a light-loving fruit tree, which requires sufficient light, so it is better to choose the south slope when building a garden in the mountains.

2. Planting. In order to bear fruit earlier and increase the yield per unit area, dwarfing and dense planting should be carried out and marriage and pulling seedlings should be selected in order to achieve early and high yield. The grafted seedlings can hang fruit in 2-3 years and enter the high-yield period in 4-5 years, while the grafted seedlings need 8-10 years and 15 years to enter the high-yield period. At present, 3 × 5 or 4 × 5 (45 plants per mu) is suitable for dense planting garden. Walnut is a monoecious fruit tree, and female flowers and male flowers are generally not in full bloom on the same plant, so pollination is required between different plants. therefore, only walnut orchards planted in pieces can achieve high yield. It is most suitable for planting walnut in autumn (September to November) or before sprouting. Before planting, large holes (80 cm long, 80 cm wide and 80 cm deep) can be dug and layered into organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and soil, then planted on the hole and watered with fixed roots. and cover the tree plate with weeds to facilitate survival. After planting, it should be dried in time to prevent drought and dead seedlings.

Soil management

1. Farming. Deep ploughing or pressing organic fertilizer in walnut orchard is an effective measure to advance the fruit of young trees and high yield of big trees. Deep ploughing can be carried out in spring, summer and season, before sprouting in spring, after rain in summer and autumn, combined with fertilization and burying weeds in the soil. Deep ploughing should be carried out year by year from the fixed planting hole, and the suitable depth is 60-80 cm.

2. Fertilization. Nitrogen and potassium are the main elements of walnut, and nitrogen is more than potassium. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and quality. Phosphorus and calcium must also be supplemented in phosphorus-deficient soil, and organic fertilizer must be applied at the same time. The principle of applying fertilizer frequently and thinly should be adopted in the fertilization of young trees, from the year of planting to the time of germination, once a month, applying base fertilizer at the end of September, and applying fertilizer 4 times a year in March, June, August and October every year.

Adult trees (after 4 ~ 5 years of planting of grafted seedlings) can apply basal fertilizer once a year and topdressing twice a year. Base fertilizer was applied after fruit harvest in autumn combined with soil deep ploughing (from September to October), 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 100 kg of plant ash and 15 kg of urea per mu. Topdressing was applied twice, and the first topdressing was applied before germination, 20 kg urea. The second topdressing was applied in the hard core stage (June to July) to increase fruit weight and promote flower bud differentiation, urea 30kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg. Qualified farmers can be matched with farm manure for better results.

Shaping and pruning

1. Pruning period. During dormancy, walnut has bleeding phenomenon, so it is not suitable for pruning; its pruning period is mainly in autumn, which is conducive to early wound healing in the same year. Young trees are fruitless and can start in advance from late August, and it is appropriate for adult trees to proceed around October after fruit harvest and before the leaves turn yellow.

2. Shaping of young trees. Generally, it is set according to different planting density and variety characteristics. the varieties with high density or early fruiting type with poor dryness usually use 3-5 main branches in happy shape, and 4-6 lateral branches are suitable for each main branch. The varieties with low density or strong dryness of late fruiting type mostly adopt 2-3 layers of trunk sparse layer, 5-7 main branches in each layer, and 3-4 lateral branches are selected on each main branch. plastic surgery should be done sooner rather than later, which should be completed within 5-7 years.

3. Pruning the result tree. Walnut enters the peak fruiting period, the crown continues to expand, the fruiting position continues to increase, and it is easy to appear the contradiction between growth and fruit. therefore, in pruning, attention should be paid to making good use of auxiliary branches and overgrown branches to cultivate good branch groups. deal with the back branches and drooping branches in time. From the initial stage of the fruit, the strong fruiting branch group should be cultivated in a planned way, and the fruiting site should be increased and the fruiting area should be expanded. Prevent the emptiness of the inner chamber of the crown and the outward movement of the fruit part. After entering the full fruiting period, the cultivation and rejuvenation of branch groups should be strengthened. The pruning methods of "first releasing and then shrinking" and "removing the back branches, leaving oblique branches and upper dorsal branches" can be used in the culture branch group. The overgrown branches generally do not stay at the early fruiting stage, so as not to disturb the tree shape, and can be transformed into branch groups in the full fruiting period. the upper dorsal branches should be controlled in time so as not to affect the backbone branches and fruiting mother branches. The main task of tree pruning in full fruit period is to adjust the balance of tree potential in time, adjust the contradiction between growth and fruit, improve the ventilation and light transmission condition of tree crown, renew the group of rejuvenated fruiting branches, prolong the full fruit period, and the task of aging tree pruning is to make appropriate measures for old weak branches. and make full use of new branches to renew and rejuvenate the crown, and shape it as soon as possible to prevent the new branches from closing and aging early. At the same time, combined with pruning, thoroughly remove the disease and insect branches.

Configure pollination tree

Walnut is a wind-pollinated tree species, monoecious. However, the florescence of female flower and male flower of most varieties are different. In order to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, pollination trees must be arranged. The ratio of pollination trees to main varieties is generally 1: 1, 3: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1, 1: 1: 1: 1:

Control of diseases and insect pests

1. Walnut canker. Methods such as removing diseased branches and leaves, scraping the rough skin at the base of the trunk, smearing 5 Baumetu-10 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture or 50% methyl topiramate, and then spraying 50% thiophanate 800 times twice from July to August can reduce the rate of diseased plants to less than 1%.

2. Walnut lifting limb moth. It is mainly harmful to the fruit, which is based on reclamation and cultivation under the tree, removal of residual branches and fallen leaves, picking black fruit as the main measure, and crown spraying as the emergency means. That is, ploughing, expanding and clearing the garden from fruit harvest to the middle of May of the following year; picking black fruit from June to August and concentrated destruction; during the adult Eclosion period from the first ten days of June to the middle of July, choose 50% fenitrothion 1000 times-1500 times liquid or enemy kill 3000 times liquid tree crown spray.

3. Monochamus alternatus. It is mainly harmful to dry borer, and adults can be caught manually, and drugs are used to plug wormholes in time, killing eggs and larvae. In August, 40% Shachongjing 500 times liquid is sprayed on trees, and the prevention and control rate can reach more than 90%.