Cultivation techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Nicknames for pepper: pepper, Sichuan pepper, pepper powder. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Chinese prickly ash.

I. Garden site selection

Zanthoxylum bungeanum plant is small, shallow root distribution, strong adaptability, can make full use of barren hills, wasteland, roadside, ground, front and back houses and other free land to plant pepper. Hilltop, low-lying terrain, tuyere, thin soil layer, exposed rock or heavy clay should not be planted.

Second, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Garden (forest belt) land preparation

To establish a high-yield garden on flat land, we can take the whole garden to prepare the soil, turn it 30-50 cm deep, apply sufficient basic fertilizer before turning, apply 4-5t per mu, rake flat and fine, and dig the planting point into a large pit of 1m square; when establishing a high-yield garden on a gentle hillside, horizontal terraces or anti-slope terraces can be built according to contours. When planting pepper in the ridges and edges of the ground, it can be dug into large pits with a diameter of 60 cm or 80 cm. No matter which kind of pits are planted in the belt, organic fertilizer of about 20-25kg should be mixed in the backfill. In land preparation in hills and mountains, we must persist in doing a good job in soil and water conservation.

III. Planting forms

Ridge planting: make full use of mountain, hilly slope terrace and terrace ridge planting prickly ash, the plant distance is about 3m.

Pure Zanthoxylum bungeanum garden: to build a pure pepper garden, such as planting in Pingchuan with a row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 2m; in mountainous areas, the row spacing is determined according to the width of the terraced fields, and in complex mountains, it can be planted around the mountain.

Mixed pepper forest: Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be mixed with other slow-growing trees, such as walnut and chestnut, one or two prickly ash can be planted between plants, or mixed with other rows.

Yingsheng hedge: use pepper to build hedgerow, the density of planting is higher than other forms, row spacing is 30-40 cm, plant spacing is 20 cm, can be triangular configuration, planted into 2 or 3 rows.

4. Planting density

Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sparse but not dense. In dry and semi-arid areas, the adult density of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be in the range of 100-120 plants per mu. In the areas with deep soil layer, good soil quality and moderate rainfall, the adult density is about 60 trees per mu. When the pepper garden was first built, the general row spacing was 2m and the plant spacing was 1.5m. Where the conditions were good, the row spacing was 4m and the plant spacing was 1.5m.

V. Seedling management

Planting is the key, the survival rate of planting is the highest at the beginning of bud germination, should be watered after planting, topdressing 2-3 times in growing season, and combined with watering in drought.

VI. Overwintering management

1. In the management of water and fertilizer in autumn, Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees should stop topdressing nitrogen fertilizer after entering July in order to prevent the later season from growing wildly. At the same time, the base fertilizer should be applied as early as possible from September to October, which is beneficial to improve the nutritional level of the tree.

2. To control the growth of the tree by pruning, from September to October, measures such as pulling, distinguishing and coring were taken to weaken the growth of the upright branch, and the effect of controlling the tree was obvious, and timely spraying the general to protect the tree from heat preservation and anti-freezing, which hindered the germs from reproducing in the tree and improved the cold resistance of the tree.

3. To enhance the nutrition level of the tree, quick-acting potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate can be applied from July to August, and high-efficiency micro-fertilizer such as photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, amino acid chelate fertilizer and new high-fat film 800-fold solution can be sprayed on the leaf to improve the photosynthetic capacity of the tree. From September to October, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5% mae urea mixed fertilizer solution plus 800-fold solution of new high-fat film, spraying 2-3 times every 7-10 days, can effectively improve the tree nutrition reserve and cold resistance.

4. Strengthen the protection and management of overwintering, adopt the effective protective measures of cultivating the soil in the trunk and the whole seedling to strengthen the protection of the tree, and smear the trunk to protect the tree from heat preservation and anti-freezing or white protection of the trunk. 5 parts of quicklime + 0.5 parts of sulfur + 2 parts of salt + 0.1 parts of vegetable oil + 20 parts of water were used to dry the tree.

5. Spraying antifreeze, spraying 1% Mel 1.25% solution of antifreeze on the tree during overwintering can effectively prevent the freezing injury of branches.

V7. Fertilization management

1. Hole expansion and fertilization: after the soil was thawed in early spring, the soil around the root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was planed 30-50 cm, and about 30 kg of organic fertilizer was applied to each plant; after fruit was picked in the middle of April and late July, 0.4 kg of standard chemical fertilizer was applied to each plant. Water thoroughly in time after fertilizing.

2. Foliar fertilizer spraying: using the mixed solution of 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea, spraying fertilizer 6 times a year, spraying the first time during flowering, spraying the second time 10 days after flowering, spraying the third time every 10 days, and spraying once in early and middle July and after fruit harvest.

Plastic film mulching has a good effect of moisturizing and warming, which can generally increase the ground temperature by about 3 ℃, which is beneficial to the development and growth of roots. Plastic film mulching should be carried out in time after hole expansion and fertilization, and the soil should be fine and dry along the tree row, which is slightly higher near the trunk, and the film mulching area is slightly larger than the outer edge of the crown. The junction of the two plastic films is compacted with soil, the plastic film is as flat as possible and close to the ground, and the surrounding area is sealed with soil. At the end of April, the film was covered with fine soil 5 cm thick, which could prevent the growth of weeds and prolong the service life of plastic film.

Pruning and rejuvenation: pruning and pruning in time with pepper harvested in summer. Cut off part of the big branches and disease and insect branches of the weak tree, remove the extra big branches in autumn, and finally retain 5-7 main branches per tree, at the same time properly remove the dense branches in the crown, the amount of sparse branches generally does not exceed 25%, and cut part of the weak branches to the strong bud; the medium and short branches of the mediocre tree are generally not short, mainly sparse, and pay attention to protect the terminal bud, cut the long fruit branch properly, and retain the big bud.

Harvest time and method: the fruit ripening period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is generally around the Beginning of Autumn to the End of Heat. When Zanthoxylum bungeanum is ripe, the pericarp is purplish red or light red, the pericarp is suture protruding, a small amount of cracking, and the seeds are black and bright. Can smell strong hemp fragrance, this is the most suitable harvest time, harvest fruit is usually picked by hand or scissors. Strong branch ear picking: under the big pepper ear, there is a full bud in the armpit of the first leaf, this bud is the next year's fruit bud, should be properly protected, when picking pepper ear, must not be removed with this axillary bud, so as not to affect the annual yield in the coming year. Picking the weak branch ear: the first bud under the weak branch ear is not fully developed; the second or third bud is more robust, so the second or third bud should be retained when picking, otherwise the yield of the second year will be affected.