Cultivation techniques of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree of Ginkgo biloba family. Ginkgo biloba is a large deciduous tree with a DBH of up to 4 meters. The bark of young trees is nearly smooth, light gray, the bark of big trees is grayish brown, irregularly longitudinally split, rough, and has long branches and slow-growing spur short branches.

I. the selection of ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba has a long life and benefits from one planting for a long time, so land selection is very important. Ginkgo biloba is a light-loving tree species, so the sunny slope with a small slope should be selected as the forest land. The requirement of soil condition is not strict, but the neutral or slightly acidic soil with thick layer, moist and fertile soil and good drainage is better.

II. Planting of Ginkgo biloba

1. Rational allocation of pollination trees: ginkgo biloba is a dioecious plant. In order to achieve high yield, pollination trees should be allocated reasonably. The male plant with the same variety and florescence as the female plant was selected, and the ratio of female to male plant was 25-50:1. The configuration mode is 5 or 7 square center type, or four-corner configuration.

2. Seedling specifications: improved varieties and strong seedlings are the material basis for early fruiting and high yield of Ginkgo biloba. Seedlings with a height-diameter ratio of more than 50:1, main root length of 30 cm, lateral root evenness and new shoot growth of more than 30 cm in the same year should be selected for planting. In addition, the seedlings must also have strong terminal buds, lateral buds are full and full, free from diseases and insect pests.

3. Reasonable close planting: ginkgo biloba grows slowly in the early stage, and close planting can improve land utilization rate and increase yield per unit area. Generally, the row spacing of 2.5 × 3 m or 3 × 3.5 m was adopted, 88 or 63 plants per mu were planted, and then transplanting was carried out after the row was closed. First, the row spacing was moved from the plant spacing to 5 × 3 m or 6 × 3 m, 44 or 31 plants per mu. Every few years, a row was transplanted from the original row spacing into 5 × 6 m or 6 × 7 m, and 22 or 16 plants per mu.

4. Planting time: ginkgo biloba is mainly planted with leaves in autumn and before leaf in spring, and it is planted from October to November in autumn, which can make the root system of seedlings have a longer recovery period and prepare for shoot germination in spring in the second year. Planted before germination in spring, because the aboveground parts germinated quickly and the root system did not have enough time to recover, the growth was not as good as that in autumn.

5. Ginkgo biloba planting should be dug according to the designed plant row spacing, with a specification of 0.5-0.8 × 0.6-0.8 meters. After the nest is dug, it is necessary to backfill the topsoil and apply fermented fertilizer containing superphosphate. When planting, stretch the root system of the seedling naturally, align it with the left and right seedlings before and after, and then fill in the form. Planting depth is appropriate to cultivate the soil to the original soil of the seedlings printed with 2~3cm, do not bury the seedlings too deep. After planting, the root water was poured in time to improve the survival rate.