Planting techniques of Sesame

Sesame, also known as fat flax, flax, is the seed of flax, annual erect herb, 60-150 cm high. It is found in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Sesame is one of the main oil crops in China, which has high application value. Its seeds contain up to 55% oil. Since ancient times, China has been famous for many kinds of food and delicacies made from sesame and sesame oil.

(1) to prepare the land and make the bed:

Whether summer sesame or autumn sesame, sowing in the season of high temperature and large evaporation, fine soil preparation, soil and water conservation is the key to the whole seedling. In the case of much soil moisture, the soil can be fine raked vertically and horizontally after ploughing, and raked to cover the seed after sowing. In the case of little soil moisture, sow and cover the soil immediately after raking, and suppress and preserve soil moisture. Sesame is afraid of stains, and the growth period is in the period when Rain Water is more, so it is necessary to make a border-about 2-3 meters wide when a single kind of sesame is planted, and to open a good border ditch, waist ditch and perimeter ditch in order to drain and irrigate in time.

Second, sowing seeds at the right time

1. Sowing time: the suitable sowing time of summer sesame is from late May to early June. The suitable sowing time of autumn sesame is early or middle July, and it can be late in late July under the condition of good heat.

2. The amount of seed used per mu: 400 grams for sowing, 350 grams for strip sowing, 250 grams for on-demand sowing, and less sowing in fields with high soil fertility, few diseases and insect pests and high water content.

3. Sowing methods: there are three sowing methods of sesame seeds: on-demand sowing, sowing and strip sowing. Sowing is a traditional sowing method in Jianghuai region, which is suitable for sowing soil moisture. When sowing, the seeds are uniformly dispersed, the soil cover is shallow, and the seedlings emerge quickly, but it is not conducive to field management. Strip sowing can control the distance between rows and plants, implement reasonable close planting to facilitate field management such as inter-seedling ploughing, and is suitable for mechanized operation. Sow 5-7 seeds per hole. No matter what kind of sowing method, shallow sowing, uniform sowing, depth 2-3 cm is appropriate.

III. Field management

1. Chemical weeding: three days after sowing, 60% Horniss EC is used per mu, diluted with 50 kg of water and evenly sprayed on the border surface, which can reduce the growth of weeds.

2. suitable time seedlings: after more than ten days, after they grow 2-3 cotyledons, they will grow again in 5-6 days, so that the plant spacing is between 22-24 cm, and 8000-10000 plants are planted per mu. Suitable plant spacing is beneficial to its branching.

3. Remove the terminal bud: after the full fruit period, when the top leaf nodes of the main stem are clustered and almost stop growing, pick the terminal bud on a sunny day in the morning. The method of topping is very simple, that is, it is appropriate to pinch off the apical growth point less than 1 cm, but the topping is limited to the apical growing point, not a long section of the top. Too long pinching will reduce the number of capsules per plant, resulting in reduced yield.

4. Irrigation and drainage: Sesame is the most sensitive to soil moisture, which is not only afraid of waterlogging, but also not resistant to long-term drought, so we must pay attention to irrigation and drainage.

IV. Rational fertilization

1. Early application of seedling fertilizer: because the seeds of sesame are small and often applied too much nitrogen fertilizer at the bottom, it is easy to make the seedlings grow and form tall seedlings. Therefore, sesame should be combined with early seedling, early seedling, early application of quick-acting fertilizer is an important measure for early development and growth of sesame. In seedling stage, it is better to dilute mature human feces and urine or urea. Generally, 2kg of urea is applied per mu after seedling setting. When drought is serious, drought resistance should be followed by topdressing or diluted with thin human feces and urine and then irrigated. For those with poor seedling situation, we should also adopt the method of "opening special meals" and apply fertilizer for seedlings. In order to apply seedling fertilizer to sesame, it should be applied shallowly or mainly to the root according to the characteristics of shallow root system of sesame.

2. Skillful application of bud fertilizer: the budding stage of sesame is entering the period of flower bud differentiation, when the plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth flourish at the same time. Therefore, the application of bud fertilizer is very important for the high yield of sesame. The present bud fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potash fertilizer. Each hectare can be applied urea 75-150 kg, phosphate fertilizer 150-225 kg and potash fertilizer 75-150 kg respectively. When fertilizing, the strip sowing can be ditched or applied at a depth of 10 cm from the sesame plant, and applied in a soil layer 10 cm deep to absorb the root and cover the soil. For the sowing, the rotten cake fertilizer or granular urea can be mixed into the fine broken soil and spread evenly, and then ploughed and loosened to cover the fertilizer. When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed after application to give full play to the fertilizer effect. The watering method can also be used, that is, each mu is sprinkled with urea 4kg / mu and 200kg / mu with water. In addition, boron fertilizer should be applied to boron-deficient areas and boron-deficient soils as appropriate.

3. Re-application of flower fertilizer: Sesame grows most rapidly when it enters the flowering stage, and the nutrients absorbed during this period account for 70% and 80% of the whole growth period. In order to meet the needs of plant growth and development, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice can delay leaf senescence, make sesame grow vigorously, accumulate more photosynthates, increase the number of flower capsules, stabilize growth in the later stage without early senescence, and make grains full. At the same time, a large number of lateral roots began to form at flowering and pod stage, the absorptive capacity of roots was enhanced, the growth rate of plants was accelerated, and the demand for nutrients also increased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to re-apply flower and pod fertilizer, branched varieties are generally applied when branches appear, and single-stem varieties are applied from budding to early flowering stage. Fertilization outside the root generally uses 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and is generally poured on sesame seeds with urea 5kg / mu and water 200kg / mu. Retting cake fertilizer, human manure and so on can also be applied. In addition, extra-root topdressing can be carried out from the beginning of flowering to full flowering, by spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on both sides of the leaves on a sunny afternoon, with an interval of 5-6 days each time.