Planting techniques and matters needing attention of soft jujube kiwifruit

Site selection: avoid tuyere and air-conditioning retention zone, need sufficient water, choose half-shaded and half-sunny slope, east Chaoyang is better. Soil: sandy loam with a ph of 6.5-7 is better. Layout: banded arrangement of bisexual and unisexual flowers. Irrigation and drainage: timely irrigation and drainage. Scaffolding: there are mainly scaffolding, T-shaped scaffolding and fence scaffolding, which are selected according to the actual situation. Planting: apply basic fertilizer before planting, pour water and cover soil after planting. Management: pruning and weeding in time, actively prevent and control diseases and insect pests.

Soft jujube kiwifruit is rich in nutrition, containing more than 20 kinds of amino acids and vitamins, especially the vitamin C content is dozens of times that of other fruits, which is an excellent raw material for the development of functional health food.

I. Garden site selection

The main results are as follows: 1. Climatic conditions: soft jujube has strong cold resistance, but in Tonghua area of Jilin Province, artificial cultivation in bare land has frost injury in the young stage, and adult trees also have frost injury in special years.

2. When choosing the garden site, we should not only avoid the tuyere and air-conditioning retention zone, but also avoid the hail-prone area.

3. Water source conditions and necessary irrigation facilities should be taken into account when building the garden.

II. Soil conditions

The main results are as follows: 1. Soft jujube is a shallow root tree species, and the thickness of soil layer 50cm can meet the needs of growth and development. Except for waterlogged land and heavy clay, all other soils can build gardens, and the sandy loam and loam with pH 6.5-7.0are the best.

2. Topographic and topographical conditions: both flat and mountainous areas are available, and it is best to choose semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes for mountain cultivation, and Chaoyang in the east is the best. Flat land, ravines, riverside, front and back of the house are all suitable places to plant soft dates.

3. Social conditions: in order to develop the soft jujube industry in a large area, we must consider the transportation conditions, social labor conditions, material supply conditions, environmental pollution and other factors.

III. Garden design

1. Rational layout: reasonable planning and layout is carried out according to the topography, soil type and thickness, and water source location of the selected garden, such as roads, management and protection rooms, warehouses, fruit drying fields, dung yards, etc.

2. Plot division: from the perspective of cultivated varieties, soft jujube kiwifruit is a dioecious plant, and pollination trees should be allocated according to a certain proportion in artificial cultivation in order to obtain the economic effect of high and stable yield. Pollination trees require male and female flowers to bloom at the same time, taking into account the differences in the maturity of each variety, whether to configure pollination trees, etc., bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers are adjacent to the zonal arrangement, and the plot should be narrow and long to facilitate pollination. Different topography should be divided into different areas to facilitate irrigation and drainage.

IV. Road design

1. The main road, branch road and operation road are set up in the garden, the width of the main road of the large garden is 5-6 meters, the branch road is 3-4 meters, and the operation road is 2-3 meters; the medium-sized main road is 3-4 meters, and the operation road is 2-3 meters. The main road should be east-west and the branch road should run from north to south. The operation road is closed around the garden, and the road is connected to form a grid.

2. Irrigation and drainage system: the high-yield garden of soft jujube can neither drought nor waterlogging, so it must be irrigated and drained in time. The laying of drip irrigation system can meet the needs of production.

3. Windbreak barrier: the windbreak forest belt should be planted around the garden, the windbreak forest should choose dense branches and leaves, the plant type is no more than tall shrubs or small trees, the width of the shelterbelt is 0.8-1.0m, and the height of the tree is controlled at about 3m. It can prevent wind and block the surrounding herbicide drift.

5. Frame type and planting density

1. Scaffolding: the scaffolding is a big scaffolding with a width of more than 5m and a small scaffolding below 5m. The advantage of scaffolding is that it is convenient to use wood scaffolding in mountainous areas, the technical requirements of pruning are relatively simple, and the output is higher.

2. T-shaped frame: 2m wide, single cement pole, low cost of garden construction, convenient management and medication, good ventilation and light transmission, stable yield, good fruit quality, but poor wind resistance.

3. Hedge ledge: using Schisandra chinensis garden to rebuild soft jujube garden has less investment, but it is not suitable for mechanized operation because of its narrow interrow. The yield of soft jujube on the fence frame increases rapidly in the early stage, and it is convenient for pruning, spraying and harvesting, but the space for yield increase in the later stage is small, and the investment of seedlings is larger. The row spacing of scaffolding is 4m or more, the height of T-shaped frame is 1.8-2.0m, the height of T-shaped frame is 4m, the height of fence is 2.5-3.0m, the height of T-shaped frame is 2.0m. Plant spacing and planting density: 2m × (4-5m), 83-66 / mu, 2m × 4m / mu, 83 / mu and 2m × 2.5m-3.0m / mu respectively.

VI. Planting methods

The main results are as follows: 1. Before planting, the soil should be prepared in the shape of a trench, the depth of the 25~30cm ditch should be dug, and the rotten animal manure should be applied as the base fertilizer, and the plant should be planted in the south of the east-west hedge.

2. When planting, dig the planting pit of wide 30cm and deep 35cm, return a small amount to the soil, step on the foot in the shape of "steamed bread", put the seedling into the pit, stretch the root system, return to the soil to half the height of the seedling, gently stand firm, irrigate twice, then cover the soil.

3. Because kiwifruit is mostly dioecious, pollination trees should be arranged when planting. The suitable ratio of female to male is 8:1, which can be planted in spring and autumn.

VII. Upbringing and management

1. Shaping and pruning: hedgerows and scaffolding were mainly used to cultivate 3 main vines in 1-2 years, and fruiting branches in the third year. The fruiting mother branches and their fruiting branches on the lateral vines are evenly distributed by pruning, and the branches can be covered with branches after 3-4 years, and pruning can be carried out in summer and late autumn.

2, irrigation and fertilization: soft jujube kiwifruit like temperature, wet conditions, should pay attention to irrigation throughout the year, the soil can neither drought nor stagnant water, generally can be combined with fertilization for irrigation. Irrigate with anti-freezing water before winter and spring irrigation after thawing. Fertilization should be applied frequently, less and shallowly. Base fertilizer can be applied in furrow in spring and autumn, and fertilized twice a year. In the same year, the first topdressing was carried out when the young trees sprouted and the new shoots began to grow, and the available nitrogen fertilizer urea was applied for the second time in late July, when phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (mixed at 2:1 with diammonium and 40% potassium sulfate) were applied, and human feces and urine could also be applied.

8. Herbicide

1. Chemical weeding in the garden all herbicides containing 2.4 Mel D are prohibited. As long as other herbicides are not sprayed on the leaves, there will be no obvious drug harm. New herbicides must be tested before they are used.

2. It can be said that the planting of soft jujube rhesus monkeys is relatively simple to pay attention to planting density and drainage irrigation, pay attention to the selection of herbicides, pruning requires some skills, as a whole, it is very suitable for planting.