Strawberry planting techniques and daily management methods

Strawberries are widely welcomed because of their bright appearance and pleasant aroma. Strawberries are ripe from January to February or March every year, and strawberries packed in small baskets or baskets on the roadside are quickly sold out, and some people go directly to the strawberry orchard to pick them themselves. The benefits of growing strawberries are also considerable.

Strawberry planting techniques and daily management methods

1. Select suitable varieties or mixed planting of different varieties: Fengxiang, Mingbao and other varieties with more flowering, large amount of pollen, large and neat fruit, good coloring, light sour taste and less abnormal fruit are selected under the condition of low temperature. Varieties such as Qiuxiang, Baojiao Zaosheng and all-Star have less pollen and more abnormal fruits. Chunxiang, Dana and other varieties should be planted as pollination plants to facilitate pollination and fertilization, reduce abnormal fruits and improve the rate of big fruits.

2. Select disease-free strong seedlings: disease-free strong seedlings have developed root system, strong disease resistance, large strawberries, high yield and good quality.

3. Adequate application of high-quality basic fertilizer: increasing the application of high-quality mature farm fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for strawberry growth, flower bud differentiation, flowering, fruit setting and fruit development, increase fruit number, and improve fruit sugar content and coloring. 2000 kg of rotten chicken manure is applied per mu, and ditch application is combined with spreading.

4. implement crop rotation to avoid repeated cropping: rotation can improve the disease resistance of strawberries and reduce the number of deformed fruits and diseases and insect pests. The open-ground rotation between the shed and the shed can be made full use of.

5. Increase the light: the lack of light from 2 weeks before flowering to the flowering stage of strawberry will affect pollination and fertilization and produce deformed fruit. Lack of light during the coloring period will lead to light taste and poor color of the fruit. Under the premise of ensuring the temperature in the shed, the covered grass should be uncovered as early as possible. A reflective screen is hung on the north side of the greenhouse, which uses reflected light to increase illumination. On rainy or snowy days, incandescent lamps can be used to make up the light.

6. Ridging cultivation and plastic film mulching: ridging cultivation can reduce fruit dripping contact with greenhouse film, enhance sunlight exposure to fruit, reduce the occurrence of gray mold and promote fruit coloring. Plastic film mulching can increase soil temperature, reduce air humidity, avoid direct contact with soil, and help to keep fruit surface clean.

7. Strictly control the temperature: the suitable greenhouse temperature is 22-25 ℃ at flowering day and 8-10 ℃ at night, and 20-24 ℃ at day and 6-10 ℃ at night during fruit expansion. Too high temperature in the greenhouse will shorten the fruit development period and make the fruit smaller.

8. Proper watering and topdressing: appropriate watering during flowering and fruiting period, drip irrigation should be adopted. Insufficient moisture during flowering will lead to poor pollination and fertilization, resulting in deformed fruit. The lack of water during the fruit expansion period will affect the fruit expansion. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed continuously for 3-4 times during flowering and fruiting period.

9. Auxiliary pollination: poor pollination and fertilization is the root cause of abnormal fruit, the use of bee-assisted pollination can effectively reduce the production of abnormal fruit. Generally, one case of bee pollination is put in each greenhouse during flowering.

10. Timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: strawberry spraying during flowering is easy to induce abnormal fruit. If diseases and insect pests occur during the flowering period, spray the beehive out of the greenhouse before spraying, and then move back to the greenhouse 1 week after spraying.

Growing environment of strawberries

1. Temperature: strawberry likes warm and cool climate, strawberry root growth temperature is 5-30 ℃, optimum temperature is 15-22 ℃, suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 20: 30 ℃, bud freezing injury occurs at-15 ℃, flower bud differentiation temperature should be maintained at 5: 15 ℃, flowering and fruiting stage should be kept at 4: 40 ℃. When strawberries pass the summer, shading measures should be taken when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and the sunshine is strong.

2. Light: strawberry is a light-loving plant, but it has strong shade tolerance. When the light intensity is strong, the plant is short and strong, the fruit is small, the color is dark and the quality is good. Medium light, large fruit, light color, low sugar content, long harvest time, weak light is disadvantageous to strawberry growth.

3. Moisture: strawberry has shallow root distribution, large transpiration and strict requirements for water, but it has different growth periods. Strawberries have slightly different requirements for moisture. For early spring and flowering coral, the lint percentage per grass is less than 70% of the maximum soil water holding capacity. The demand during fruit growth and ripening period is more than 80%. After harvest, the stolon and new adventitious roots are extracted, and the soil water content is not less than 70%. Autumn is the period of plant nutrition accumulation and flower bud formation, and the soil moisture should not be less than 60%. Strawberries are not tolerant to waterlogging, requiring good soil permeability and paying attention to drainage in the rainy season.

4. Soil: strawberries should grow in fertile, loose neutral or slightly acidic loam, too clayey soil is not suitable for cultivation, sandy soil more stable fertilizer, frequent irrigation, can also grow strawberries.

Collection methods of Strawberry Seeds

During the fruit harvest from May to June, the well-developed and fully mature fruits were selected for seed collection, peeled off, put into water, washed, removed and dried. Or dry the peel directly, then crush it, and then separate the peel from the seed.

Preservation of strawberries

1. Keep it in a ventilated place

Strawberries contain a lot of water, and the skin is so thin that they will rot at the slightest touch, so you should keep them carefully and gently when you buy them, and put them in a ventilated place when you buy them back, so you can keep them for a day or two.

2. Keep it in the refrigerator

If you want to preserve the strawberries, you can also put them in the refrigerator. Put the strawberries into the fresh-keeping bag and tie the mouth of the bag tightly. This can prevent the strawberries from losing moisture. The temperature in the refrigerator should be kept between 0-3 degrees Celsius, sometimes high and sometimes low. The sample can be kept for three to six days.

3. Sealing and storage of cling film

Endless strawberries can be sealed with plastic wrap, so that strawberries will not change color or rot during the day, but remember that the plastic wrap must be sealed without cracks.

4. Drain water for cold storage

Strawberries are more likely to go bad after touching water, so it is best to wash as many strawberries as you eat, and keep the rest in the refrigerator so that you can keep them for a longer time.

In addition to planting, picking and selling strawberries, preservation is also a matter of concern. The skin of strawberries is very fragile, and when ripe strawberries are picked and touched, the skin is easily destroyed, which is why merchants are reluctant to let customers choose when buying strawberries.