A complete Collection of planting techniques of Watermelon in greenhouse

In the past when material materials were extremely scarce, it was not easy to eat seasonal fruits and vegetables, and it was even more difficult to eat unseasonable fruits and vegetables. The development of the times has solved many of the problems we faced in the past, and the technology of fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse also allows us to eat all the year round.

Planting technology of watermelon in greenhouse

1. Variety selection

There are many varieties of watermelon. Watermelon varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation in early spring require not only early maturity, high quality, but also easy to bear fruit, disease resistance, high yield, suitable for market needs and so on. According to the summary in recent years, the main varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation are Jinmei Daguo, supreme, Lido and so on.

2. Rootstock selection

Watermelon rootstocks require not only good and stable compatibility with watermelon grafting, but also good disease resistance and no adverse effect on watermelon quality. According to the observation in recent years, gourd rootstocks are poor in resistance to acute Fusarium wilt of watermelon, and it is easy to cause inestimable losses, while pumpkin rootstocks perform relatively well, so now the basic watermelon rootstocks are pumpkin rootstocks. At present, the better rootstocks are Zhuangsi, pumpkin No. 2, pumpkin Changbai board and so on.

3. Seed treatment

Rootstock seeds and watermelon seeds are treated in the same way: soak the seeds in 25: 30 ℃ warm water for 48 hours, wash the seeds in clean water several times and knead repeatedly to wash off the harmful substances on the seed surface, then wrap them with fine cloth and put them in an incubator of 27: 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, or insert a thermometer on the Kang to accelerate germination.

4. Sowing technology

The sowing time of watermelon in greenhouse is about December 20 of the Gregorian calendar. Put the seeds of rootstocks that promote budding in the middle, germ down, and then cover with floating soil (fine sand loam) and cover the soil 1.5 centimeters. In general, watermelon seeds can be germinated about 5 days after rootstock seed sowing, and watermelon seeds can be accelerated by sandbox.

5. Grafting technology

① grafting time: after the cotyledons of the rootstock seeds are flattened, the grafting can be carried out, which is also the best time for grafting.

② grafting method: adopt the top insertion method, remove the growing point of the rootstock when grafting, use the bamboo stick at the incision of the rootstock, insert the cotyledon inferior axis obliquely 45 along the cotyledon line direction, with a depth of 0.5 cm, the top of the bamboo stick reaches the other side of the cortex of the cotyledon inferior axis, then take out the scion seedling, cut it off with a blade 45 °on the index finger, cut off the scion seedling, then pull out the bamboo stick, and insert the scion seedling along the direction of the bamboo stick Jack.

③ grafting management: the temperature should be kept at 25 ℃, the low temperature should be kept at 24 ℃, and the air humidity should be saturated in the first three days after grafting. One week before planting, the ground temperature dropped to 15: 13 ℃, the temperature dropped to 23 ℃ during the day and 13 ℃ at night, and the lowest at night was no less than 10 ℃ to refine the seedlings, which kept the seedlings close to the ambient temperature after planting.

Field management of watermelon

1. Ploughing and drainage

Middle ploughing begins after sowing or planting seedlings, usually with the combination of seedlings, loosening soil and cultivating soil, and then cultivate the soil after a heavy fertilizer when the vine is 30 centimeters long. Watermelon has large fruit, high yield and large water demand, so it needs irrigation in the special dry season, but there are many Rain Water during the growing period of watermelon in the Yangtze River basin, so drainage is particularly important.

2. Pruning

Watermelon has luxuriant leaves. If its growth is allowed to overlap with each other, it will not only affect dense planting, but also delay melon fruiting. Watermelon pruning methods generally have single vine, double vine and three vines and so on. Single vine pruning leaves only one vine per plant. The method of removing all the other lateral vines is simple, with more plants per unit area and more melons, but less leaves per plant, small assimilation area, not easy to grow fruit, low yield and quality. Double vine or three vine pruning generally retain the main vine, when the main vine grows to more than 30 cm, double vine pruning chooses a strong side vine at the base, three vine pruning leaves two strong side vines as auxiliary vines or reserve vines, and the rest of the side vines are removed.

3. Pressure vine

When the vine is 30 cm long, the vine should be managed to make it evenly distributed, and a lump of soil should be used to press the vine on the node to produce adventitious roots, fix leaf vines, prevent each other from shading each other and being broken by the wind, and then press them every 5-6 knots until the vine leaves grow all over the border. In order to prevent breaking the crisp tender melon vines, pruning and pressing should be carried out in the afternoon.

Fertilization method of watermelon

The general fertilization principle of watermelon is heavy application of organic fertilizer, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, stable application of phosphorus fertilizer, increased application of potassium fertilizer, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the application of basic fertilizer, we began to topdressing. Before topdressing, we must make clear a principle: light application of seedling fertilizer, skillful application of extended vine fertilizer, and heavy application of expanded melon fertilizer. The specific method of topdressing is to start applying seedling fertilizer when the watermelon grows to 2 or 4 true leaves, which requires the application of 4 kilograms (per mu) of urea to accelerate the growth of seedlings. The specific method is to open an arc ditch 15 cm away from the seedlings, or to pierce a hole 10 cm away from the seedlings, and after fertilization, seal the soil and water.

After the extension period, the last topdressing is the expansion period. The purpose of topdressing during the expansion period is to promote the expansion of melon body and prevent premature senility. The melon expansion period should be applied in two stages, the first time, when the young melon grows to the size of an egg, it needs 10 kilograms of urea and 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate; the second time is when the melon grows to the size of the bowl mouth, if it is a single element fertilizer, urea 5kg 7kg, calcium superphosphate 3kg 4kg, potassium sulfate 4kg, if compound fertilizer is applied, 215kg compound fertilizer, 4kg 6kg urea and 3kg potassium sulfate are applied. The specific method is to open a ditch for fertilization at a distance of 30cm to 40cm from one side of the plant to the root.

Integrated control methods of watermelon diseases and insect pests

1. Centralized planting, regional rotation, watermelon rotation cycle of more than 5 years in dry land and 3 years in paddy field. In order to strictly implement crop rotation, the cultivated area of watermelons can only account for 10% of farmland. 15%. Promote centralized planting and regional rotation in order to facilitate farmland drainage and irrigation and reduce diseases transmitted by irrigation water.

2. Clean the countryside, reduce the source of diseases and insect pests: remove weeds in the field and near the melon field, and reduce the source of insects and diseases. If diseased plants and diseased leaves are found during the growth period, they should be pruned in time, cut off melon vines and diseased leaves, take them out of the melon field and burn them centrally.

3. Select resistant varieties, healthy seeds, or disinfect seeds to prevent diseases caused by seed-borne bacteria.

4. Application of rotten farm manure: cattle, sheep, chicken and other livestock and poultry manure and soil compost should be fermented at high temperature, or compost should be made after exposure to the sun, so as to reduce insect eggs and bacteria and prevent the disease caused by bacteria carried by fertilizer.

5. cultivate disease-free and healthy seedlings. Measures such as disease-free culture soil, bed soil disinfection and seedling bed disease prevention were adopted to avoid the occurrence of diseases caused by seedling bacteria.

From watermelon seeds to mature watermelons, watermelons need to go through many links, such as sowing, grafting, pruning, vine pressing and so on. Breeding, fertilization, watering, pest control and so on all cost melon farmers a lot of thought. Watermelon is not easy to grow, and eat and cherish!