Planting methods and cultivation techniques of Vitis amurensis

Mountain grape is a specialty of northeast China, and it has also become a wild grape. Mountain grapes and grapes are almost the same in shape, dark purple, but smaller than grapes. Mountain grape can be eaten directly fresh or processed after ripening, and its nutritional value is very high. Let's learn about the planting techniques of mountain grape with the editor.

Planting methods and cultivation techniques of Vitis amurensis

Land preparation

Deep turning and ripening: the whole garden was turned deep in the autumn of the year before planting, with a depth of 50 cm. If the whole garden cannot be turned deeply, planting ditches or holes should be dug, with a depth of 50-80 cm and a width of 60-80 cm.

Colonization

Time: in the autumn of the year before planting.

Methods: with the deep ripening of the garden, it can be carried out at the same time. Planting ditches are generally required to be 50-80 cm deep and 60-80 cm wide. In the garden with fertile soil and deep soil layer, planting holes can also be dug, requiring a square or circle with a width of 60 × 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The specific methods are as follows: the surface cooked soil and the lower raw soil are stacked separately on both sides, and when backfilling, the topsoil is first backfilled, and the topsoil is insufficient, so that the topsoil between the rows can be filled to 2/3, mixed with mature organic fertilizer, and the raw soil can be filled to the upper layer or scattered between the rows. After backfilling, the planting ditch point is higher than that between the rows.

Fertilizer application

Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, conditional can be combined with chemical fertilizer. The application rate of organic fertilizer is more than 5 tons per mu, and the amount of chemical fertilizer is 30-40 kg of ammonium nitrate, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of potassium chloride per mu. The depth of application is less than 30 cm.

Pruning

The method of shaping and pruning is as follows: two new shoots are left to grow upward in the same year, and three mature shoots after falling leaves in autumn form a fixed main vine in the future, generally cut at the full maturity of the bud eye, with a height of about 60-70 cm. After sprouting in the second year, the branches within 30 cm from the ground were coring, a sturdy new shoot was left on each node of the mother branch, the twin branches should erase the weak ones, 1-3 leaves were left in the secondary shoots, and the new shoots were peeled at 8-10 spots. Take off the heart of the extended shoot in the middle of August. After the defoliation in the following winter, the annual branches of each main vine left 2-3 buds for short shoot pruning, and the extended branches left 8-10 buds for pruning, with a length of 60-70 cm. After sprouting in spring in the third year, the treatment of secondary shoots was the same as in the second year. When the branches were pruned in winter after falling leaves in autumn, the retention length of branches was prolonged by about 0.6-0.8 meters, and the retention length of mother branches was 2-3 nodes. In order to make the young trees grow mainly and not bear too much fruit, only the lowest fruiting mother branch (closest to the main vine) is still retained on the lateral vine, leaving 2-3 buds for short pruning. After entering the peak fruiting period, the renewal pruning method of the fruiting group is carried out on the lateral vine. The pruning of the fourth year will continue to extend the pruning of the extended branches, and the rest will be the same as the third year. At this point, the pruning will be completed.

Selection of planting site of Vitis amurensis

Garden site selection and planting specifications: the requirements for soil are not strict, but the fields with deep soil layer, good tillage, loose soil and convenient drainage and irrigation are more suitable for the growth of mountain grape, which is a favorable condition for high-yield cultivation. Both dry land and paddy field are suitable for the planting of mountain grape.

Planting specification border width of 1.5 meters, covering furrow for ridges, plant row spacing of 0.6 meters * 1.5 meters, planting about 750 plants per mu.

Scaffolding setting: there are two ways of scaffolding, one is the traditional plane scaffolding, the length and width of scaffolding can be determined according to the size of the land area and the actual topography, but the maximum growth space area of mountain grape can only be equal to the land area. It takes a lot of work to harvest vines. Another form of erection is the upright fence. That is, a cement column 10 × 10 cm thick and more than 2 meters high is erected at the end of the border, and several bamboo pillars are added at an interval of 2-3 meters in the middle, and four railway lines are pulled up and down in parallel to form a vertical fence.

The vertical hedge has two major advantages: one is that harvesting vines is more convenient, faster and less labor-saving than the plane shed type; the other is that the two-meter high hedge type can increase the growth space area by more than 30% compared with the plane shed type. This plays an important role in increasing the yield per unit area. The other is about the direction of the hedge scaffolding, whether it is better from east to west or from north to south. It has been proved by practice that, according to the local climatic conditions, the main growing season of mountain grape is from March to December every year, and the disastrous weather in summer and autumn is mainly Taiwan wind and rain, and when there is Taiwan wind and rain, the east wind often blows in the area. therefore, the east-west hedge cultivation has a strong resistance ability and less loss, so the east-west shelf cultivation is also an important measure for high-yield cultivation.

Planting management of mountain grape

Mountain grape planting is very important for field management. Fertilization is usually carried out after harvesting vines, and the first fertilization is applied every year from the end of February to early March, when the temperature begins to rise and new buds begin to grow, which is the best time to apply fertilizer. Fertilizer types can be mixed with farm manure and compound chemical fertilizer, each time the amount of chemical fertilizer is about 15 kg per mu. The second fertilization was carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June. The third fertilization should be applied in August, when there is more rainfall, pay attention to exclude waterlogging in the field.

How to prevent insect pests in the cultivation of mountain grape?

Vitis amurensis has poor resistance to downy mildew and gives priority to prevention in management. Bordeaux solution can be sprayed before the rainy season in late June. After that, it can be sprayed every 7-10 days, and its concentration is 200 times that of 180-200 times. If the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with 300 times aqueous solution of 40% ethyl aluminum wettable powder, which has a good therapeutic effect.

Through the above, we have learned about the planting technology of mountain grape, and everyone should have a certain understanding. In fact, the utilization value of mountain grape is very high, not only has high edible value but also good medicinal value, and the wine produced by mountain grape is particularly popular, so it seems that the prospect of planting mountain grape is very considerable.