Management Technology of Jufeng Grape

Jufeng grapes are not grapes grown on huge peaks. In Japanese, Jufeng is a kind of grape brand, which has the characteristics of large fruit, thick skin, dark color and easy peeling. There have been many kinds of Jufeng grapes with different shapes, but most of them are purplish black.

The method of establishing Jufeng Grape Garden

Adopt two kinds of cultivation rack type: double hedge type or shed hedge type. The plant-row spacing of double-hedge type is 0.6m x 2-3m, and the plant-row spacing is 0.6m x 4m. The planting ditch was dug according to 0.6 m x 0.6 m, and the ditch depth was 60 cm. When digging ditches, separate the topsoil and subsoil. According to the order of topsoil and then subsoil, 100 tons of farm manure and 1.5 tons of superphosphate were mixed per hectare. Irrigation began when the fill was about 10 cm from the ground, and then settled to be planted.

The planting period is generally spring. One-year-old strong seedlings are selected, soaked with ABT rooting powder and planted, and then watered and covered with plastic film. 2 or 3 bud eyes in the upper part of the seedling were exposed with plastic film, and the soil was covered strictly to keep moisture and prevent dryness, so as to promote early germination. After germination, each plant left 2 new shoots tied to the upright pole as the main vine. Leave 2 leaves on the secondary and tertiary branches of the main vine to pick the heart. The main vine picks its heart in late August to promote the maturity of branches and form flower buds. Weeding and irrigation in time, spraying half-dose Bordeaux solution every 10-15 days.

Pruning method of Jufeng grape

1. Prune the middle tip and fix the bud with branches.

In order to ease the tree potential, medium pruning is the main method, while long and short shoots are used as supplementary pruning. Winter pruning usually begins within 2-3 weeks after defoliation and ends before bleeding, and the best time is January. At this time, the organic nutrients in the annual branches have been transferred to the perennial branches and roots of the plant, and will not cause nutrient loss.

2. Wipe the bud in time and leave the strong bud.

After sprouting in spring, double buds, weak buds and other unnecessary sprouts should be removed as early as possible, strong and strong buds should be retained, and redundant branches and weak branches should be removed 2-3 times before flowering. For those who keep 5-7 buds by pruning the middle tip, when wiping buds and fixing shoots, the quality of buds is 1 at intervals, and a maximum of 3 buds are selected, and finally the distance between new shoots is 15-20cm.

3. Repeatedly pick out the heart and control the growth

After the inflorescence appeared, when more than 6 leaves grew in front of the inflorescence, 5-6 leaves were left to pick the heart, which began 3 days before flowering and finished in 2-3 days. At the same time, if all the auxiliary shoots below the flower ear are removed, 1-2 secondary shoots can be left above the flower ear, with 1-3 leaves on each sub-shoot, picking the heart once every 10 days or so, and 2-3 times, so as to control the vegetative growth and ensure that sufficient nutrients are delivered to the inflorescence to supply the growth and development of the inflorescence.

4. Thinning flowers and whole ear, leaving the right amount of fruit

Flower thinning and whole ear thinning can improve the fruit setting rate, make the ear shape compact, the fruit grain large and neat, the appearance beautiful, and improve the commodity value. The method is that after the new shoots are extracted, the weak, overdense and irregular spikes are removed in time, leaving 1-2 inflorescences in each new shoot, and mainly the lower inflorescences of branches, cutting off the accessory spike about 10 days before flowering, then pinching the tip of the spike 1x4-1pp3, thinning fruit after fruit setting, first removing seedless small fruit, deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit, finally thinning dense fruit, leaving 35-40 fruit in big ear and 30-35 fruit in middle ear. The spikelet leaves about 25 fruits.

Water and Fertilizer Management of Jufeng Grape

It usually takes 1.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.0 kg of phosphorus and 1.5 kg of potassium for every 100 kg berry harvested. At the same time, during the berry growth period, sufficient water can increase the fruit grain and increase the yield. However, if too much water is irrigated from berry coloring to ripening, the fruit will have low sugar content, high acidity, poor coloring, split fruit and easy to induce gray mold and late rot, which will affect the color, aroma, taste and quality of Jufeng grape. Therefore, appropriate amount of water should be irrigated, especially to stop watering 20 days before picking.

It is necessary to control the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent the growth of green plants, closure of branches and leaves, poor ventilation and lack of light, so that the grape berries can not grow and mature normally, the fruit stalks are fragile and tender, the pericarp is thin, and the resistance to various bacteria is poor. In order to improve the quality of berries, 800 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves and sprayed again every half a month during the berry coloring period. After defoliation in autumn, 2000 Mu of 3000 kg of mature organic fertilizer with 2% phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu. At this time, the soil temperature is higher, which is conducive to the decomposition of organic fertilizer and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by roots.

Prevention and Control of Diseases and insect pests in Jufeng Grape

1. Downy mildew: the disease is more serious in areas with less wind, foggy, dewy and rainy in spring and autumn. Can choose the internal absorption agent control, such as: Jinyi cream, metalaxyl, flumorph, aldicarb, metalaxyl and so on.

2. Anthracnose: mainly harms nearly mature fruits, so it is also known as "late rot" pathogen, infecting fruit stalks and ear rachis, and the tip of the ear near the ground is the first to cause the disease. The pathogen is mainly the mycelium overwintering in the annual branches of the tree. It spread heavily with wind and rain the following spring.

3. White rot: grape white rot, commonly known as "water rot" or "ear rot", is an important pathogen that often occurs. Generally, high temperature and rain are conducive to the prevalence of the disease, and anthracnose is often prevalent in rainy years, resulting in great losses. The occurrence of white rot is closely related to Rain Water. The rainy season comes early, the disease occurs early, the rainy season comes late, the disease occurs late. After the occurrence of this disease in the orchard, there is often a peak of the disease every time it rains. Combined with the prevention and treatment of anthrax.

4. Black pox: rainy and high humidity are important conditions for the occurrence and prevalence of the disease. Rainy and high humidity are beneficial to the formation, transmission, germination and infection of conidia, especially when the plant is young, the disease will occur seriously in rainy and humid weather.

5. Botrytis cinerea: Botrytis cinerea is an important disease that seriously affects the growth and storage of grapes. Spring is the main disease that causes flower ear rot, and the damage rate of flower ear of susceptible varieties is more than 70%. Ripe fruits often rot during storage, transportation and sale. It is a disease that must be controlled before and after flowering, especially before flowering.

6. Green bug bug: it belongs to Hemiptera Pentatomidae, alias mosaic bug, small bedbug and so on. Damage after germination, orchards harmed by green bug bugs (as long as it is after germination), the earlier the better.

The planting and management procedures of Jufeng grape are generally similar to those of other grape varieties, except in the specific management details, because each kind of grape has its own unique growth characteristics. In order to achieve high yield and profitability, we must follow the plant personality characteristics.