Planting technology of watermelon in greenhouse

Watermelon becomes the best-selling fruit every summer, and almost every family eats it every day. Watermelon has rich nutritional value and good taste, and has become the most popular fruit in summer. Summer watermelon sales are particularly large, often in short supply, so the rise of greenhouse watermelon planting technology to increase watermelon production.

Planting technology of watermelon in greenhouse

1. Variety selection: select varieties with early maturity, high quality and strong disease resistance, such as Jingxin, Hong Shuangxi, Qin Guan Pioneer, Lido and so on.

2. Cultivation methods: watermelons on the market from the middle of May to the beginning of June are cultivated with three-film mulching (plastic film, small arch shed, outer greenhouse film), and watermelons listed on the market in June can be cultivated with two-film mulching (plastic film, outer greenhouse film).

3. The standard of seedling selection: 4 true leaves, stout stems and thick leaves.

4. Preparation before planting

Fine soil preparation and adequate application of basic fertilizer. Apply 4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per mu, 100 kg of rotten cake fertilizer, 40 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate.

Buckle the shed ahead of time, lay eyedropper belt and plastic film. Covering ridges with plastic film 15-20 days before planting can increase soil temperature and reduce soil water evaporation. Then set up the arch film, do a good job of deeply burying and fixing the ground anchor of the pressure film line, and fix the greenhouse film with the pressure film line to prevent the greenhouse film from being damaged by strong wind. The eyedropper belt should be laid before covering the plastic film, and the width of the eyedropper belt should be 3-4cm, one or two strips per bed. The distance between the eyedropper belt and the planting line is about 10-15cm.

5. Timely planting. Three-film mulching cultivation from the end of February to the first ten days of March, and two-film mulching cultivation in the middle and last ten days of March. In principle, it can only be planted when the ground temperature of 10cm is stable or higher than 13 ℃. When planting, choose sunny morning, according to the plant spacing of 45mur50 cm, drill holes and plant seedlings to cover the soil, so that the cotyledons are consistent with the planting direction, pour enough planting water, seal the planting holes, and cover with small arch film.

Cultivation density: climbing cultivation: row spacing 1.5m, plant spacing 0.5m, mu planting 800,900 plants; stand cultivation: row spacing 1.0m, plant spacing 0.5m, mu planting 1300-1400 plants.

Field management of watermelon planting in greenhouse

1. Pruning and pressing vine

The three-vine pruning method is used for pruning, and the open pressure method is used for pressing the vine.

2. Artificial pollination

Artificial pollination was carried out at 9: 00 a.m. on the day of female flowers blooming, and the pollen of male flowers blooming on the day of picking was smeared on the stigma of female flowers.

3. Choose and retain the melon fetus

Follow the six watermelons: do not leave root melons; do not leave super-long melons; do not leave two; do not leave abnormal fruit; do not leave disease and insect fruit; do not leave scratch fruit.

4. Timely harvest

It takes 30 to 35 days from fruit setting to fruit ripening of early-maturing watermelon. It should be calculated that the ripening time of early-maturing watermelon should be harvested in time, which is beneficial to increase yield and ensure fruit quality.

Planting and grafting technique of watermelon in greenhouse

1. Grafting time: the grafting can be carried out after the cotyledons of the rootstock seeds are flattened, which is also the best time for grafting.

2. Grafting method: adopt the top insertion method, remove the growing point of the rootstock during grafting, use the bamboo stick at the incision of the rootstock, insert the lower axis of the cotyledon oblique 45 along the direction of the cotyledon line, with a depth of 0.5 cm, the top of the bamboo stick reaches the other side of the cortex of the lower axis of the cotyledon, then take out the scion seedling, cut it off with a blade 45 °on the index finger, cut the scion seedling, pull out the bamboo stick, and insert the scion seedling along the direction of the bamboo stick socket.

3. Grafting management: the temperature should be kept at 25 ℃ and the low temperature should be kept at 24 ℃. It should be airtight and unventilated in the first three days after grafting, so that the air humidity can reach saturation. One week before planting, the ground temperature dropped to 15: 13 ℃, the temperature dropped to 23 ℃ during the day and 13 ℃ at night, and the lowest at night was no less than 10 ℃ to refine the seedlings, which kept the seedlings close to the ambient temperature after planting.

Control techniques of diseases and insect pests in watermelon planting

Common diseases and insect pests. Sudden fall in seedling stage, vine cutting disease in spreading stage, vine blight and anthracnose in fruiting stage, anthracnose in aging stage, leaf blight, powdery mildew, virus disease and so on. Huangshou melon, flower thrips and aphids in May; thrips, aphids and melon borer in June; night E and red spiders in July and August; night moths, melon borer, yellow thrips and tobacco thrips in September and October.

Comprehensive prevention and control. According to the occurrence of watermelon diseases and insect pests, mixed drugs were used alternately. To avoid spraying in hot and hot days, choose spraying before 9 o'clock in sunny days, 4: 00 or 5: 00 p.m., or cloudy days. The commonly used control agents are: 70% methyl thiophanate, 75% chlorothalonil, 10% difenoconazole, 50% enoylmorpholine, 25% carbendazim, 72% agricultural streptomycin, 50% carbendazim, 65% zinc, 25% miramine, 3% carbendazim and so on. Leitong (24% methoxyfenoyl moon well suspension), 1%-3% methylaminoavermectin benzoate emulsion, hit (150g/L indenyl suspension), 10% chloramphenicol suspension, 10% chloramphenicol suspension, 10% imidacloprid, 25% imidacloprid, 2% avermectin, 20% fluorodiamide, 5% chlorobenzamide, 3% acetamiprid and other pest control.

Through the above content, we understand the cultivation of watermelon in greenhouse, the technical content is relatively high, if you want to grow in greenhouse, you need to master good skills. Watermelon has plenty of water, contains a lot of vitamins and is easily absorbed by the human body, as well as the effect of beauty. Although watermelon has a lot of benefits, it should not be eaten in large quantities. Be careful of diarrhea!