Scientific planting and management technology of watermelon

Site selection: Sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation should be selected. Soil preparation and fertilization: the melon field is deeply ploughed before winter, and the soil is prepared timely before transplanting. The basic fertilizer is mainly high-quality organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer. Colonization: the seedling age is about 1 month and 2-3 true leaves are planted. Pruning and pressing vines: three vines are mostly used to prune. Reverse pressure: control the growth and growth of watermelons and improve the rate of melon setting. Melon: artificial pollination is used in low temperature or overcast and rainy weather. Diseases and insect pests: prevention of Fusarium wilt, charcoal jaundice, etc.

Watermelon is a common fruit, especially in summer, it can be seen everywhere and become an indispensable fruit in summer. For such a popular watermelon, it still needs to be planted scientifically in order to increase the yield of watermelon, so how to plant it scientifically? Next, let's learn how to grow watermelons scientifically with the editor.

Scientific planting and management technology of watermelon

1. Select the place

The sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation should be selected and cultivated in the fields where melon crops have not been planted in dry land within 5 years and paddy field within 3 years.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

The melon field is deeply ploughed and frozen before winter, and the soil is prepared in time before transplanting. Melon fields should be matched with three ditches, so that the rain stops the field is dry, the soil is loose and the soil is flat. Base fertilizer is based on high-quality organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, which generally accounts for 60% of the total fertilizer application, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be matched reasonably, and micro-fertilizer should be applied or sprayed respectively according to the lack of elements. The amount of fertilizer application depends on soil fertility and cultivated varieties, generally medium fertility fields, combined with the application of mature organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kg per mu, 45% nitrosulfo-or potassium sulfate-type controlled-release fertilizer 60-80 kg, do not apply chlorine fertilizer. Small fruit watermelons and grafted watermelons can apply 20% less fertilizer. The use of high border planting, wide border 4-4.5 meters, narrow border 2.0-2.5 meters. The wide border can be planted on both sides of the border, the melon vine can be crawled on both sides, and the narrow border can be planted on one side on one side.

3. Colonization

The seedling age of precocious watermelon is about 1 month and can be planted with 2-3 true leaves. The seedling age of medium-maturing watermelon is 20-25 days, and that of late-ripening watermelon is 7-10 days. 2 rows of wide border planting and 1 row of narrow border planting. Small fruit type watermelon stand cultivation, planting 1500-1800 plants per mu, climbing cultivation, using three or four vines pruning, 600-750plants per mu. Medium and large watermelons are generally planted 650-700 plants per mu and grafted seedless watermelons 300-400 plants per mu. Dig the planting hole according to the distance between the plant and row, put the nutrition bowl into the planting hole in the same direction as the cotyledon and the border, the depth is the same as the border surface, fill the seedling hole with fine soil, and pour root water with human and animal fertilizer and medicament. Cover the film while transplanting, the width of the film is not less than 80 cm, the film should be fine and flat, the film and the surface should be tightly sealed, and the broken film should be sealed with fine soil.

4. Pruning and pressing vine

The method of three-vine pruning is generally used. In the 8-9 leaves of the main vine, leave the main vine and two strong lateral vines, and remove the rest of the son vine and grandson vine. Pruning should not be carried out in overcast and rainy days to prevent the spread of diseases. When the vine grows to about 50 cm, press the vine with soil combined with pruning, then press it again at intervals of 3-4 nodes, and press each vine for 2-3 times to evenly arrange the melon vine.

5. Reverse pressure

Watermelons are overgrown and reverse pressure is used. Dig a 7-10 cm deep pit, push the melon vines into the pit in the direction of the melon roots, arch the vines behind, and then fill them with soil to compaction, which can control the growth and improve the melon setting rate.

6. Sitting melon

The 2nd and 3rd female flowers on the main vine or the 1st and 2nd female flowers on the lateral vine should be selected. In order to ensure that the melon is seated at a suitable position, artificial pollination should be used in case of low temperature or cloudy and rainy weather to protect flowers and fruits. After the melon is seated, flatten the ground under the young melon and make it into a slope, then place the young melon along the slope and put the young melon and vine in a straight line. The fruit should be turned in time when the fruit is fully grown. Turn the melon in one direction, about 3 at a time.

Main diseases of watermelon

1. Watermelon Fusarium wilt: the disease is mainly carried by soil, and the bacteria in the soil can be stored for 5-7 years. Prevention and control measures: a, rotation. Rotation with non-melon crops for more than 3 years; b grafting. Rootstock to round, long, ladle gourd, waist gourd performance is better, cutting method is simple and easy. Planting watermelon when the rootstock sprouts with dew tip, the two-leaf and one-heart stage of the rootstock is the suitable period for grafting, first erase the growing point of the rootstock with a bamboo stick, then use the bamboo cutting tip to insert a small hole vertically from the growing point (about 1cm), then take the watermelon seedlings, close and pinch the cotyledons, cut them into a wedge-shaped surface on the Hypocotyl about 1cm at the lower part of the leaves with a small knife, and the section is about 0.8cm in length. After the sap flow is finished, the cuttings go into the holes of the rootstocks, and the grafting is completed. Finally, cover the film to moisturize. C, chemical control. In the early stage of the disease or when the melon vine grows to 55cm, irrigate the root with 500-800x solution such as carbendazim glue suspension or 25.9% ammonia-copper-zinc water agent (Kangkuling), once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times continuously.

2. Watermelon charcoal jaundice. Mainly carry bacteria in the epidermis of soil seeds, spread and invade through running water and wounds, prevention and control measures: deep ditch. The high border prevents stagnant water and spreads grass under the fruit so that watermelons do not touch the ground directly; chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, choose 40% carbendazim suspension or 70% chlorothalonil warm powder or 25% carbon tetralin wettable powder 600-700 times liquid spray, prevention and control about 3 times every 7-10 days.

Suitable sowing time of watermelon

The open field cultivation of watermelon is the cultivation without protective equipment. Generally speaking, the local final frost has passed, and the suitable time for sowing in the open field is when the ground temperature is stable at about 15 ℃. The best time for sowing should also be determined according to the variety, cultivation season, cultivation mode and consumption season. Generally sowing and raising seedlings in mid-and late-March, planting in mid-and late-April, harvesting and listing in late June; sowing in the first and middle of July and harvesting in late September.

The efficacy of watermelon

1. Shengjin to quench thirst and relieve summer heat

Watermelon contains a lot of water, it is a kind of food and drink that can nourish the body, which is suitable for people with heatstroke and thirst. When you are thirsty, sweaty and irritable, eat a piece of watermelon and the symptoms will improve immediately.

2. Diuresis, anti-inflammation and hypotension

Watermelon contains sugar, salt, acid and other substances, have the effect of treating nephritis and lowering blood pressure. This is because there is an appropriate amount of sugar can be diuretic; there is an appropriate amount of potassium salt can eliminate kidney inflammation, in which the enzyme can convert insoluble protein into soluble protein, in order to increase the nutrition of patients with glomerulonephritis; the glycosome in melon can reduce blood pressure.

3. Wrinkle-removing and skin-rejuvenating cosmetology

Watermelon contains yellow, green and red three elements, and quite complete, is the perfect nutrition. Watermelon juice contains citrulline, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, malic acid, phosphoric acid and other amino acids with skin physiological activity, as well as important metabolic components such as adenine, sugars, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. it is most easily absorbed by the skin, moisturizes the facial skin, protects against the sun, and brightens the skin.

Through the above, we know how to grow and manage watermelons and improve the yield of watermelons. Watermelon sowing also needs to find a suitable time to plant, not blindly planted. Watermelon has many effects, not only nourishing body and thirst, but also the effect of beauty, but also need the right amount of edible watermelon.