Scientific cultivation techniques of grape

Although it is said that sowing melons and beans reap beans, but if there is a lack of cultivation techniques, careful management and care, light, heat and water are not suitable, then whether it is planting melons or beans, the final result is the same, that is, nothing. Therefore, we are very particular about the technology of growing grapes, and reasonable and scientific technology can help us to get higher returns.

Scientific cultivation techniques of grape

1. The first critical period is before grape sprouting. At this time, the grape sprouts, the new shoots will grow rapidly, the inflorescence develops, and the root system is also in the stage of exuberant activity, which is one of the critical periods of grape water demand.

2. 10 days before flowering, it is also a key watering period. During this period, new shoots and inflorescences grew rapidly, roots began to produce a large number of new roots, assimilation was exuberant, transpiration gradually increased, and more water was needed.

3. During the flowering period, moisture is generally controlled, because watering will reduce the ground temperature, and the growth of new shoots is too prosperous, which is disadvantageous to grape fertilization and fruit setting.

4. About 10 days after falling flowers, it is the third critical period. During this period, a large number of new lateral roots occurred in the root system, and the root system absorbed water in the soil to the most exuberant extent. At the same time, the first growth peak of berries came, which was the key period of fertilizer and water demand.

5. Berry coloring is the second peak period of berry growth. The supply of suitable fertilizer and water in this period can not only improve the yield and quality of the current year, but also have a good effect on the yield of the next year.

6. When the grapes are buried in the soil against cold, it is inconvenient to bury the soil if the soil is dry, and a small amount of water should be watered before burying the soil. With regard to the index of water deficit and profit of grape plants, the growth status of tender shoots is often taken as the standard of irrigation, and it is considered that the hard and curved tip of tender shoots is a normal growth phenomenon; if the tender shoots are upright and soft, they should be irrigated immediately.

Requirements of cultivation environment

1. Grapes are temperature-loving plants. The temperature of 10 °C in early spring begins to germinate, and the higher the temperature, the faster the germination. Flowering period of 25-30 °C is appropriate, in case of low temperature (below 15 °C), rain and fog, dry wind, poor pollination and fertilization, resulting in a large number of falling flowers and fruits. The berry ripening period is from July to September, if the temperature is not enough, the berry coloring is poor, the sugar content is reduced, and even can not be fully matured. Whether the local temperature can meet the full ripening temperature of grape fruit is usually referred to as the accumulated temperature. For example, the accumulated temperature of maturity in Shifeng (the sum of the daily average temperature from flowering to maturity) is 2564 °C, and the period from flowering to maturity is 102 days.

2. The grape has a strong light preference. Under the condition of sufficient light, the leaves are thick and dark green, the photosynthesis is strong, the plant growth is strong, there are many flower buds, the berry has high sugar content and sweet, and the yield is high.

3. The humidity is not easy to be too high. Heavy rainfall before flowering, excessive growth of new shoots, consumption of plant storage nutrients; rainy flowering, poor fertilization, resulting in falling flowers; rainy fruit from fat stage to mature stage, lack of light, low sugar content, poor coloring, poor quality, and easy to crack fruit. High temperature, rainy and humid is also the main reason for the increase of grape diseases.

Soil conditions for growing grapes

Grapes can grow on a variety of soils, such as river beaches, saline-alkali lands, rocky slopes and so on, but different soil conditions have different effects on grape growth and fruit.

Grape has strong adaptability to soil, except swamp and heavy saline-alkali land is not suitable for growth, other types of soil can be cultivated, and fertile sandy soil is the most suitable. Different soils have different effects on the growth and quality of grapes.

In unsuitable areas, soil improvement and cultivation can be carried out through agricultural engineering and cultivation techniques. For example, in the saline-alkali area of Panjin, Liaoning, the soil content is more than 0.3%, directly cultivated grapes can not survive. However, after digging ditches and platform fields, irrigation and washing salt, changing soil with green manure or changing soil locally, and selecting varieties of salt-resistant rootstocks, grapes can be planted if the soil salinity is reduced to less than 0.2% after 2-3 years.

Plant Management of Grape

1. Wipe sprouts. In order to make the most economical and effective use of nutrients and make the new shoots dense and uniform, too many unnecessary tender shoots should be erased as soon as possible.

2. Tying and tendrils removal. When the new tip is 25 cm long and 30 cm long, it should be tied in time. The word binding method can prevent the new tip from being injured by friction. Remove the tendrils while binding the ends to feed the nutrient consumption.

3. The coring of new shoots and the treatment of secondary shoots. Picking the heart of the new shoot can restrain the overgrowth of the branches. A large number of secondary shoots after heart removal should be suppressed. The accessory shoot below the ear can be removed from the base, the secondary shoot above the ear leaves 2 leaves, and the secondary shoot at the top of the main shoot leaves a few leaves, which can limit the vegetative growth, promote the nutrition accumulation of inflorescence and improve the fruit setting rate. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to leave 5 or 9 leaves on the uppermost ear a week before flowering.

4. Trimming of inflorescence and ear. There are often 1-3 inflorescences on a fruiting branch, so it is appropriate to leave a well-developed inflorescence. Then the inflorescence is properly trimmed. The varieties with low fruit setting rate and scattered ear, such as Rose fragrance and Jufeng, should cut off the accessory ear and pinch off the ear tip 2-3 days before flowering, so as to increase the fruit setting rate. White Malaga, Italy and other varieties with high fruit setting rate are often supported by fruit kernels, resulting in inconsistency between fruit cracking and fruit ripening. These varieties should be thinned with small pointed scissors 10-20 days after anthesis in order to enlarge the fruit and improve the quality. In Japan, the panicles and grains of Jufeng grape are thinned, generally leaving about 35 grains per ear, and the grain weight can reach 15 to 18 grams.

The process of planting grapes is divided into several stages, and what is worth paying attention to in each stage is different, but the requirements of the grape vine on the growth environment are unchanged, so that all the variable factors are adjusted to the appearance required by the growth and development of grapes.