Planting methods and techniques of grape

Time: spring planting is suitable for both open field and greenhouse. Ground preparation: the north-south line, the row spacing of 1.8-2 meters, along the ridge. Deep turn: spread fermented manure on the ground, and then turn it about 40 cm deep. Seedlings: if it is a grafted seedling, carve all the buds of the rootstock, leaving only the grafted buds, and remove the binding film. Planting: plant to one side of the ridge at a distance of 0.7 meters. Fertilizer: base fertilizer was applied after fruit harvest in autumn, topdressing before flowering and fruit expansion period. Diseases and insect pests: prevention first, comprehensive management.

Grape is a kind of favorite fruit with rich nutritional value, not only the pulp is rich in nutrition, but also the grape skins and grape seeds are very effective. More and more people are growing grapes, so how to grow grapes? Next, let's learn about grape planting techniques with the editor.

Planting methods and techniques of grape

1. Planting time: autumn planting in open field is easy to freeze to death, and autumn planting in greenhouse is not conducive to dormancy, so spring planting in open field and greenhouse is the best, the time is from January to May, after soil thawing to sprouting, but the later the growth is weaker. In addition, the greenhouse can also plant trees before building the shed.

2. Soil preparation and ridging: both the open field and the greenhouse are north-south, with a row spacing of 1.8-2 meters, ridging along the line. Large ridges are formed in the cold-proof areas buried in winter, and small ridges are not needed in the cold-proof areas in winter. There are two ways of land preparation before raising the ridge.

3. The whole garden is deeply turned over: fermented dung is spread on the ground, usually about 5 cubic meters / mu, and more than 10 cubic meters / mu in the new shed. The content of organic matter in the old shed is higher, so there is no need to apply manure. Then turn it about 40 centimeters deep.

4. Trenching along the road: 60-80 cm deep and 80-100 cm wide. The lower part is filled with about 500 kg of weeds mixed with mature soil, and the upper part is filled with about 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per mu, and mixed with mature soil until filled. If the ripe soil is not enough, it can be dug from between the rows, and the heart soil can be scattered between the rows, and then the water will settle.

5. Seedling treatment: if it is a grafted seedling, carve all the buds of the rootstock, leaving only the grafted buds, and remove the binding film.

6. Pollination trees: grapes are closed pollination, do not need to be matched with pollination trees, different varieties should be planted in pieces to facilitate management.

7. Planting method: along the line, plant 0.7 meters apart and plant to one side of the ridge. The planting method is as follows.

The main results are as follows: (1) planting to one side of the big ridge in winter: ① grafted seedlings are planted obliquely to the north, and the grafting interface is about 10 cm off the ground. in the future, it will not take root above the grafting interface, and it is convenient to bury the soil to prevent cold. Pour water after planting, continue to bury the mound more than 10 cm above the graft joint when the surface is dry, and remove the mound after germination. ② cuttings are planted obliquely to the north, and the original Yin-Yang line is about 10 cm lower than the ground level. in the future, even if the ground freezes to death, it can still sprout underground. Pour a lot of water after planting, continue to bury the mound more than 10 cm when the surface is dry, and remove the mound after germination. ③ nutrition cup green seedlings planted directly, but can not bury the green vines, otherwise rotten seedlings. Pour water after planting.

(2) in winter, there is no need to bury the soil to prevent cold to plant to one side of the small ridge: ① grafted seedlings are oblique to the north, the grafting joint is about 25 cm from the ground, pour water after planting, continue to bury the soil when the surface is dry, and bury it 10 cm above the grafting interface, so that the seedlings are on the big ridge, and then pick the soil to reveal the grafting interface after germination. ② cuttings are planted obliquely to the north, the original Yin-Yang line is slightly higher than the ground level, and water is poured after planting. When the surface is dry, the soil continues to be buried about 25 cm, so the seedlings are on the big ridge. ③ nutrition cup green seedlings planted directly, but can not bury the green vines, otherwise rotten seedlings, growing season gradually buried soil, seedlings are also on the big ridge.

Fertilizer management

Base fertilizer was applied after fruit harvest in autumn, and 40 × 40cm deep holes were dug out along the edge of the original planting hole according to one layer of soil and one layer of organic fertilizer, mainly human and animal manure, barnyard manure, retting manure and so on. In the full fruit period, the grapes were fertilized with organic fertilizers above human 2kg per 1kg fruit. Topdressing is mainly in two periods, and one quick-acting fertilizer is applied more than ten days before flowering, such as mature manure and urine, etc. During the fruit expansion period, potassium fertilizer was applied once, such as plant ash or rotten chicken manure and so on.

Control methods of rotten Grape Fruit

The main results are as follows: 1. Select high quality varieties with strong disease resistance. For example, "Kangtai" grape varieties are not only resistant to cold, but also resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew. There are also varieties of Jufeng, which are also resistant to black pox and anthrax.

2. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be based on the principle of "prevention and comprehensive management".

Disease prevention and control: the disease should be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 600 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times. According to the disease 7-10 days of prevention and treatment, a total of 2-5 times. If you increase the number of times in case of rain, make up the spray in time after the rain.

Pest control: the main pests are thrips, two-star leafhoppers, grape tiger moths and so on. Thrips and two-star leafhopper can be controlled by imidacloprid 2000-3000 times, and grape tiger moth can be sprayed with cypermethrin 2000 times or avermectin 4000 times.

3. Combined with bagging to prevent rotten fruit. Grape fruit bagging can reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests and reduce fruit cracking and rotten fruit. Bagging should be carried out immediately after ear shaping, a fine spray of germicidal insecticides should be sprayed before bagging, and bags should be removed 1-2 weeks before harvest to promote coloring.

4. Combine summer shearing to prevent rotten fruit. Summer pruning should remove overdense shoots and overgrown branches in time, fine pruning of fruiting branches and timely coring, so as to prevent the imbalance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth and affect the yield of the same year. During pruning, it should be noted that only one full bud is retained in each node of the fruiting branch, and the other lateral buds or accessory buds are all erased; 5-7 days before flowering, 4-5 leaves are left to pick the heart before the uppermost inflorescence of the fruiting branch. In addition, it is also necessary to keep a reasonable amount of flowers to prevent excessive load on the vines. From flowering to fruit expansion, flower and fruit should be thinned in time, and small fruit, deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit and rotten fruit should be removed to improve fruit quality.

How to manage grape before harvest

1. Pruning the ear: first cut off the low sweetness, sour, soft and easily shrunk grains at the bottom of the ear. Secondly, remove the green and small grains that are not easy to mature and of poor quality, and at the same time remove the injured and diseased grains in time.

2. Skillful application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: before harvest, a foliar spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.4% potassium sulfate solution is generally better, which can improve the sugar content and quality of fruit grains and enhance storability.

3. Strict water control: in order to ensure grape quality and improve storability, irrigation should be strictly controlled within one month before harvest, and special attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention before heavy rain.

four. Prevention of fruit cracking: measures such as grass laying and plastic film mulching are taken to maintain a balanced supply of soil water, which can effectively reduce fruit cracking.

5. prevention of metallurgical diseases: when coloring the fruit, spray 800 times late carbendazim or 600 times carbendazim solution every 10 days or so to prevent the occurrence of diseases in time.

6. Spraying hormone: 2000-4000x0.000001 or 60-100x0.000001 can be sprayed 15 days before harvest, which can effectively prevent grain drop and dry shrinkage of fruit stalk during storage.

As mentioned above, good methods and techniques for planting grapes and good prevention and control of diseases and insect pests have a particularly good effect on improving the yield and varieties of grapes. Grapes are covered with treasures. To improve the quality and output of grapes, the profits must be relatively objective. So it seems that the prospect of grape cultivation is relatively broad.