Flower and Fruit Protection Technology of navel Orange

The ultimate goal of planting navel oranges is to get a good income, and the yield of navel oranges is a hard guarantee to obtain benefits in addition to price factors. In order to achieve high yield, in addition to reasonable cultivation and planting, suitable growth environment and climate, the number of flowers and fruits is a basis.

Flower and Fruit Protection Technology of navel Orange

1. Timely pruning and sprouting

The navel orange should be pruned in time after budding in spring, cutting off the top winter shoots, long branches, disease and insect branches, weak branches and over-dense branches outside the crown, and cut off leafless globular flowers and deformed flowers. Cut short too long autumn shoots, leave 3-6 flowers, according to the "three go one, five stay two" method to stay strong to weak. Cut off the clump branches, wipe off the strong spring shoot at the top and periphery of the crown and the short and weak spring shoot that is too dense, and leave only 5-7 leaves to pick the heart or short section of the Changchun shoot, thoroughly wipe off the late spring shoot, summer shoot and early autumn shoot.

2. Protect flowers and fruits

0.3% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% borax (or boric acid) was sprayed at flower bud stage, flowering stage and young fruit stage respectively. After Xiehua 2 / 3 and the first physiological fruit drop (early-middle May), 50 ppm of "1992 ○" + 0.3% imported compound fertilizer (only spraying flowers and young fruits) was sprayed before the second physiological fruit drop (early June). In late May, the young fruits were coated with the mixture of 250 ppm "92 ○" + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea.

3. Prevention of navel yellow fruit drop

Navel orange Xiehua 4 / 5, combined with Baohua Baoguo spray 70% methyl topiramate 800 times liquid + 50 ppm of "1992 ○". From late April to early May, the crown was sprayed with 300 times liquid amino acid compound fertilizer or 800 times liquid green Fenwei 2 and other foliar fertilizer. In early June (after the second physiological fruit drop), the canopy was sprayed with 50 ppm of "1992 ○" + 0.4% imported compound fertilizer + 70% methyl topiramate 800x solution. Or smear the navel with 200-300 ppm of "92 ○" + 70% methyl topiramate 800x solution, and spray (or apply) again every 10-15 days. From late July to mid-August, the occurrence of umbilical yellow can be inhibited by smearing the navel with 600-800 times solution of "yellowing ester".

4. Prevention of fruit cracking and fruit drop caused by fruit cracking

In the dry season, it is necessary to timely irrigate and cover the tree plate with a grass thickness of 10-15 cm. Before mulching, plough the soil around the tree plate and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the young fruit stage. From June to August, especially in the first and middle of July, potash fertilizer was applied 1-2 times, and from early to late June after the second physiological fruit drop, the navel of young fruit was smeared with "92 ○" of 200250 ppm (for fruits with mild initial dehiscence, 800x liquid 70% methyl topiramate can be added to "1992 ○"), and foliar fertilizer was sprayed continuously for 2-3 times during the fruit expansion period from July to August. Lvfenwei No. 1800x solution can be selected. Or PBO300-500x liquid; or 0.3% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; or 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% quicklime + 0.1% salt mixture spray, the effect is better.

Selection of sites for navel orange planting and establishment of gardens

Generally, you can choose the mountain garden with sufficient water, convenient transportation, north facing south, deep soil layer, fertile and loose. Slope garden should open a good terrace, the general bandwidth of more than 2.5 meters, planting holes are 1 meter long, wide, high, can also dig trenches 80 cm deep, 1 meter wide planting. The planting specification of navel orange is 1 m × 1.5 × 2 m, and the planting time is before spring shoot sprouting or after autumn shoot maturing.

Harvest of navel orange

Navel orange fruits used for postharvest storage are generally best picked when 80% of the fruit is colored and the fruit is not softened. Half a month before harvest, it is not suitable to apply chemical fertilizer and a large amount of water; the picking time is the best in sunny days; fruit pickers should have their fingernails cut flat, because the quality of harvesting technology is directly related to the storability of navel orange fruit, and non-invasive fruit picking is the key to reduce fruit diseases during storage. The fruit should be picked by two-cut method: the first cut should be cut 1 cm away from the pedicel, and the second cut the pedicel flat. When picking, it is necessary to do first outside and then inside, first up and then down, and in the process of picking, light handling, light loading and light unloading. At the same time, diseased, cracked and deformed fruits should be removed to avoid mixing.

Storage of navel orange

1. Ordinary storage: at the initial stage of fruit storage, the temperature and humidity in the storage are high, so the doors and windows should be opened for ventilation all day, and the temperature and humidity should be reduced. In the weather of low temperature, the windows should be opened to increase the temperature during the day and close at night to keep warm. In order to reduce water evaporation of fruit, a plastic film was covered in the fruit box in the middle and later stage of storage, and the film was dried when water droplets appeared on the pericarp or film. After the fruit is stored, it should be checked every 10 to 15 days to pick out the damaged fruit, rotten fruit and diseased fruit. After the Beginning of Spring, the fruit is selected once every 5-10 days.

2. Plastic film tent storage: it is mainly checked frequently. When water droplets gather on the tent wall, the tent should be opened for ventilation to avoid navel orange spoilage and decay. Check and select the fruit every 10-15 days, pick out the damaged fruit, rotten fruit and diseased fruit.

3. Kiln storage: after the fruit is stored in the cellar, it is inspected every 7 to 10 days, mainly checking the rotten fruit and changing into fresh air, so as to reduce the temperature and humidity in time. In the initial stage, we have to pick up water vapor. When checking rotten fruit, personnel should blow into the cellar before entering the cellar, remove carbon dioxide, and then enter the cellar. The water vapor is hung in the cellar with a handful of ten straw, and then a handful of dry straw is changed after the straw absorbs enough moisture to get wet. When navel oranges are stored in this cellar for 6 months, the rate of good fruit can reach about 90%.

According to some techniques and methods of flower and fruit protection described in this paper, the number of navel oranges can be guaranteed without special and major natural disasters. But in addition to quantity, quality is another important indicator in order to get better returns.