Technical measures for High drying of navel Orange

Navel orange is an excellent variety of fruit, rich in nutrition, sweet and unique taste, especially loved by the broad masses. So do you know how navel oranges are grown? What matters should be paid attention to in the cultivation of navel orange? Next, let's go with the editor to understand the cultivation techniques of navel orange.

Technical measures for High drying of navel Orange

1. Set dry. After the seedlings are planted, the top is cut 60-80 cm away from the graft joint, the plastic belt is about 20-40 cm below the cutting bud, and the trunk is below the plastic belt. If there are two or more branches with similar position and similar growth in the upper part of the seedling, choose the strongest and upright branch tip to cut the top, and the rest of the branch tip or take measures such as branch pulling and ring cutting to weaken the growth potential, or simply remove it, so as to avoid disturbing the tree shape in the future. The original weak shoots on the trunk should be retained as far as possible, and if the original shoots are insufficient, we can also choose to use part of the sprouting as auxiliary branches; if the branches are too strong, we can take the technical measures of pulling branches or heavy truncation (cutting off the front end of the branches 2-stroke 3) combined with multiple coring to promote their branches, weaken their growth potential and retain them as auxiliary branches. In short, the branches on the trunk, as long as the control of its growth does not exceed the main branches, secondary branches, will not disturb the tree structure, should be retained as far as possible, auxiliary tree growth. After the crown is basically formed, it will be gradually removed according to the situation.

2. Choose to keep the main branch. Within the range of plastic band, after the original branches or new shoots of seedlings germinated, 3-4 strong shoots were selected as the main branches, and the rest of the branches and buds should be erased as soon as possible. The height of the first main branch is about 40 cm from the ground, and the distance between the main branches is about 10-20 cm. The distribution of the main branches in the three-dimensional space should be uniform and the growth should be balanced. The angle between the main branch and the trunk is 45-55 °.

3. Equipped with deputy principal branch. After the extension of the main branch, 2 or 3 secondary main branches were selected above. The distance between the first main branch and the main branch is about 30 cm, and the distance between the secondary main branches is about 20 cm. Note that the growth potential of the secondary main branch is weaker than that of the main branch. The secondary main branches on different main branches should not overlap and cross each other, and make full use of the space.

4. Keep lateral branches. In the appropriate position on the main branch and secondary main branch, choose as many mediocre and weak branches as side branches as possible to support the tree. We should not leave only backbone branches but no auxiliary branches.

Pollution-free cultivation techniques of navel Orange

1. Expanding holes to improve soil

The soil types in the mountains and hills of southern Jiangxi are mainly red soil, yellow soil and purple sandy soil, which are characterized by acid, plate, thin, sticky and dry. Therefore, no matter whether it is flat land, hills or mountains to build a new garden, we must adhere to the principle of changing the soil first and then planting it. However, the deep turning of the planting hole (ditch) can not be done once and for all. With the extension of the root system, the expansion of the tree crown and the increase of yield, we must constantly improve the garden soil, improve the fertility and maintain the exuberant vitality of the tree. In order to achieve this goal, the whole garden must be expanded and improved in a planned way according to the law of growth and development of navel orange trees.

The main results are as follows: (1) method: the hole expansion to improve soil is turned outward and deeply along the outside of the fixed planting ditch or the last expansion ditch, and it is required to leave no partition wall and see the root to avoid damaging too many fibrous roots; the hole expansion ditch is 50-60 cm wide and 60-80 cm deep; 20 kg of crude organic fertilizer per cubic meter is buried in layers, and cake fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are added near the crown.

(2) time: expanding holes and improving soil can be carried out in four seasons on the premise of not hurting roots as much as possible. In practice, filling materials and labor should be arranged according to the specific conditions and requirements, and the soil improvement of the whole garden should be completed in 2 ~ 3 years. It should be avoided in the period of vigorous growth of new shoots, vigorous growth of young fruits, low soil temperature in winter, high temperature and drought season. In Gannan, the production garden is generally carried out from September to November after the autumn shoot is mature, while in the unfinished young navel orange orchard, the spring shoot can be carried out until the middle of November.

2. Intercropping and growing grass

Grass cultivation in navel orange orchard can improve soil structure, continuously improve soil organic matter and fertility, reduce chemical fertilizer input, prevent soil erosion, preserve fertilizer and water, resist drought, adjust air temperature, promote navel orange to maintain normal physiological activities, promote navel orange growth, significantly improve fruit yield and quality, attract a large number of natural enemies, improve biological control ability of navel orange orchard, reduce diseases and insect pests and reduce the use of pesticides. It is the green food fruit industry production and extension technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, and is designated as the national agricultural introduction of foreign intellectual achievements demonstration and extension project and "948" agricultural technology introduction project.

Orchard intercropping: young navel orange orchard, small crown, can be used to interplant cash crops, such as peanuts, legumes, purple yunying (safflower), fertile field radish, etc., not suitable for interplanting tobacco, corn, watermelon, sweet potato and other tall stalks and vines.

(1) Natural grass: on the premise of thoroughly removing malignant weeds in navel orange orchards, benign weeds, such as dandelion, dogtail grass, thistle and so on, are naturally stored outside the tree plate.

(2) artificial recommendation: after thorough elimination of weeds in the field, grass species with strong adaptability, large amount of fresh grass, short stalk and shallow roots are artificially planted outside the tree plate, which are beneficial to the breeding and reproduction of natural enemies of insect pests, such as clover, peanut, ryegrass, herringbone grass, etc., and Bahia grass can be planted on the ladder wall.

Pruning during the sapling period

Navel orange has fewer branches and leaves in its infancy, so it should be pruned and wiped less on the basis of shaping, so as to increase the number of branches and leaves and form a crown as soon as possible.

1. Truncate the elongated branch of the main branch and the secondary main branch: in order to ensure the strong growth of the main branch and the secondary main branch, the elongated branch is slightly truncated before each shoot is drawn (the front end is about 1 inch 3). Pay attention to the direction of the cut bud, oblique upward is the best, do not choose to cut short at the upright inward or oblique downward bud.

2. Bud thinning: if too many buds are sprouted at the end of the main branch and the secondary main branch, the weak buds can be removed from the new shoots by 3 to 5 cm, and 2 strong shoots can be retained to maintain the growth potential of the main branches and secondary shoots; if the new shoots are too dense in other positions, some weak new buds should also be removed in time.

3. Heart-picking: every new shoot (mainly spring and summer shoots, autumn shoots are not heart-picked) leave 8 or 10 leaves before cutting to remove the top to promote their maturity.

4. Wiping buds and releasing shoots: before the summer and autumn shoots germinate, wipe off the sporadic new buds to make the new shoots sprout neatly, so as to control leaf miner and canker.

5. Thinning and pruning: if the overgrown branches that seriously disturb the tree shape are found in the process of plastic surgery, and there is no room for development around them, they should be removed in time.

Fertilizer and water management of orchard

Navel orange grows vigorously and needs a large amount of fertilizer. in the three to four years before putting into production, it is necessary to make full use of gap rows to plant green manure in winter and summer, and to re-apply organic manure, which is mainly green manure, animal manure, biogas liquid, bran cake, bio-organic compound fertilizer, etc. adopt grass cultivation, green manure mulching and water-saving irrigation techniques Ecological cultivation facilities such as pig sheds, biogas digesters and fish ponds (storage ponds) should be built in the park to form an ecological orchard of pigs, marshes and fruits.

After the establishment of the garden, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer in 3 ~ 4 years, mainly compost, fence manure, cake manure and green manure, applying 30kg to 50kg per plant, and topdressing for young trees should mainly pay attention to attacking, promoting and strong shoots, and grasp the principle of frequent and thin application.

Through the above content, we all understand the cultivation techniques of navel orange. Navel orange is an excellent variety of oranges, nutritious, delicious and juicy, and its utilization value is particularly high. There are broad prospects for planting navel oranges. If you want to start a business or grow agricultural products, you may be able to bring you a lot of surprises.