Grafting technique of Chestnut

Shifting flowers and trees is originally a derogatory term, which refers to secretly using means to change people or things to deceive others. But in the world of plants, transplanting flowers and trees is a good way to develop and innovate. There are two ways of propagation of Chinese chestnut, one is to cultivate seedlings, and the other is to reproduce by grafting.

Grafting technique of Chestnut

1. Grafting time. From late May to early June, the time is about 15 days.

2. Scion selection and rootstock pruning. The vegetative branches in the middle and upper part of the outer part of the strong mother tree with high yield, stable yield and good quality for many years are required to be fully developed, with prominent bud eyes, with a branch length of 25 cm and a diameter of 0.8 cm and 1.2 cm. The scion can be used as you pick it, and you can't stay long. The dense and improperly positioned branches on the rootstock were cut off from the base, leaving branches of basically the same size, oblique in four directions, with a branching angle of 45-50 degrees, the lowest branch was 30-40 cm from the ground, and each branch remained 40-50 cm long. All the leaves on the rootstock were retained, only 1 or 2 branchlets were retained as auxiliary branches under each grafting cut, and the rest of the branchlets were cut off from the base.

3. The main technical links of grafting. ① buds cutting: cut the leaves of the scion from the base, leaving leaf stalks, but do not erase by hand, so as not to leave leaf marks and cause scion wounds. Then cut off the two ends of the scion and leave 3 or 4 fuller buds in the middle for single bud cutting. The grafted buds are cut into broken buds and grafted with a single bud, and the cut buds are grafted immediately, which cannot be released for a long time and do not need to be soaked in clean water.

② film bandaging: choose the specification for 3mm plastic film, moderate thickness, good toughness, easy to operate, not easy to tear, firm binding. Pay attention to the budding eyes when bandaging.

4. Post-management. After grafting, check every 3-5 days to wipe out the sprouts on the rootstock as soon as possible. When the buds germinate, the auxiliary branches are cut off from the base and the new shoots are managed well. Matters needing attention in new shoot management: when the new shoot is about 15 to 20 centimeters long, ① should be coring to promote branching.

Due to the abundant nutrients of summer shoots and luxuriant long leaves of ②, the new shoots are easily broken by strong winds and heavy rain, so they are bound and fixed with sticks.

When sprouting multiple shoots of ③, it should be weak and strong, oblique and straight, so as to accelerate the healing of grafting interface.

④ controls new shoots caused by inchworm, jumping beetle, powdery mildew and other diseases.

In order to supplement plant nutrition and benefit strong shoots, ⑤ needs topdressing twice, urea 100g plus compound fertilizer 150g and organic fertilizer 2.5kg. After rain, the first topdressing is in the green stage of new shoots and the second is in the sprouting stage of secondary shoots.

The unbinding of ⑥ should be about 10 days before sprouting in the following spring. At the same time, continue to erase the sprouts from the rootstocks.

Growth habits of chestnut trees

Chinese chestnut has a wide range of adaptation to climatic and soil conditions. The suitable annual average temperature is 10.5 ℃, which is too high, lack of hibernation, poor growth and development, and is easy to suffer frost damage if the temperature is too low. Chinese chestnut not only likes the soil moisture, but also afraid of the sound of rain and waterlogging, if the rainfall is too much, the soil is stagnant for a long time, it is very easy to affect the root system, especially the growth of mycorrhiza. Therefore, it is not suitable to develop chestnut garden in low-lying areas prone to waterlogging.

Chinese chestnut is sensitive to soil acidity and alkalinity, so it is suitable to grow on slightly acidic soil with PH value 5Mel 6. This is because chestnut is a high manganese plant, which can activate manganese, calcium and other nutrient elements under acidic conditions, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of Chinese chestnut. Xuzhou area is located on the southern edge of Huangtan, with an annual average temperature of 13.7-14.1 ℃ and an annual precipitation of 782-946 mm, which is suitable for the growth and development of millet trees.

Planting techniques of Chinese Chestnut

1. Garden selection: chestnut orchard should choose sandy loam with low groundwater level and good drainage. Avoid saline-alkali soil, low humidity is easy to waterlogging, windy places to plant. In order to open up the millet garden in the hilly land, we should choose the area near the mountain with gentle terrain and thick soil layer, and then we can gradually expand and develop to the area with poor conditions.

2. Variety selection: variety selection should be based on the excellent varieties selected locally, such as Paoche No. 2, Chenguo No. 1, etc., and properly introduce Shifeng, Jinfeng, Haifeng, Qingmao soft thorn, Shushuhong and other varieties. According to different edible requirements, fried chestnut varieties should be given priority to, and excellent Chinese chestnut varieties should be properly developed, taking into account not only the export of foreign trade, but also the needs of the domestic market. At the same time to achieve a reasonable mix of early, middle and late varieties.

3. Pollination tree configuration: chestnut trees mainly rely on the wind to transmit pollen, but because chestnut trees have heterogeneity of male and female flowers and self-fruiting, a single variety often produces empty buds due to poor pollination. So the newly built chestnut orchard must prepare 10% pollination trees. Practice has proved that it is better to use summer red as pollination tree in Xinyang City.

4. Reasonable close planting: reasonable close planting is the basic measure to increase the yield per unit area. It is suitable for the plain chestnut orchard to be 3040 plants per mu and the mountain chestnut orchard to 4060 plants per mu. It is planned that the dense planting chestnut orchard can plant 60,111 trees per mu, and then thinning will be carried out step by step.

When will the chestnut mature?

Chinese chestnut matures from September to October. There are many varieties of Chinese chestnut, and the maturity periods of different varieties are different, but most of them mature in autumn. The flowering period of Chinese chestnut is usually from May to June and the fruiting period is from September to October. In some areas, Chinese chestnut has matured and listed in mid-late August, but generally all chestnuts will mature before November. Eating Chinese chestnut in autumn is also the most delicious and nutritious.

Chinese chestnut seedlings that have been grafted need more careful care. compared with the planting method of cultivating seedlings, grafting has a shorter waiting time, which is a good way to push through the old and bring forth the new. it can not only help the old chestnut tree coruscate new vitality. at the same time, it also creates conditions for the emergence of new chestnuts.