Planting techniques of Chinese Chestnut

Chinese chestnut is already very familiar to everyone, because we eat chestnut for a period of time every autumn and winter. Chinese chestnut has a wide range of uses, high nutritional value and broad prospects for planting Chinese chestnut. So how to plant Chinese chestnut scientifically? Let's go with the editor to learn the technical knowledge of growing Chinese chestnut.

Planting techniques of Chinese Chestnut

1. Choose the place. Chestnut trees should be planted in deep, fertile, neutral or slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Planting in mountainous areas is generally no more than 400 meters above sea level. It is best to plant on the sunny slope, otherwise the bud is less and the rate of empty bract is high.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization. If planted in flat land and gentle slope, the land should be fully dug up (the gentle slope is made into a horizontal terrace), and then a pit with a width of 0.8-1 m and a depth of 0.5-0.6 m should be dug. Each pit is fully mixed with 50-100 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 0.5-0.6 kg of urea and 0.4 kg of superphosphate. A small amount of lime should also be applied to the highly acidic soil. The content of available boron in some soils is lower than that of 0.5ppm. Therefore, 10-15 grams of boron fertilizer should be applied to each hole to prevent a large number of empty buds of chestnut trees due to boron deficiency, resulting in yield reduction.

3. Planting. Generally flat land planting 40-50 trees per mu, showing a square. 60-70 plants per mu were planted on the sloping land, showing a rectangle. When the tree is an adult, thinning or pruning will force the crown to develop upward in order to build a fast-growing dense planting forest, which is beneficial to early high yield. Before the forest is formed, cash crops can be intercropped and reclaimed instead of caressed. The suitable planting time is from November to December and from mid-February to early April. When digging saplings, try to avoid damaging the roots. When transporting seedlings from a long distance, the roots are stained with mud and wrapped with straw. The seedlings should be planted early after rising, and those that cannot be planted immediately should be pseudo-planted first. Saplings should not be planted too deep, and the healing parts of grafted seedlings should be exposed to the ground to prevent decay.

4. Plant pollination trees. The self-pollination rate of Chinese chestnut is relatively low, so when selecting and planting main chestnut varieties suitable for local conditions and excellent and high yield, it is necessary to evenly mix 10% of 15% of Chinese chestnut with another variety with a later flowering period, so as to facilitate cross-pollination and ensure a bumper harvest.

Cultivation techniques of Chinese Chestnut

The main results are as follows: 1. There are two main propagation methods of Castanea mollissima: seedling propagation and grafting propagation. Although the method of seed propagation is simple, the cost is low and the plant life is long, it can not keep the good characters of the varieties. There are great differences among individual plants, and the general results are late and the yield is low. Therefore, grafting propagation is often used in the development of Chinese chestnut in recent years.

2. For the selection of chestnut species, there are two uses for sowing and breeding seedlings, one is to be used as a rootstock, and the other is to be directly used for production and planting. Seedlings used as rootstocks are required to grow healthily, so choose nuts that are fully mature, neat in size, free from diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage. The seeds directly used for the production and planting of seedlings must be collected from the mother trees with strong growth, high yield and high quality.

3. Sowing, chestnut sowing can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing. Autumn sowing is mostly at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter. The advantage of autumn sowing is that chestnut seeds do not need to be stored in sand and can be treated slightly after seed collection. However, because chestnut is sown in autumn for a long time in the field, it is vulnerable to external climate and other damage, affecting the emergence rate. Spring sowing requires more than 30% of the seeds to sprout, or in the first and middle of March every year.

4. seedling management, ploughing and weeding immediately after the seedlings are unearthed, which is particularly important for direct seeding garden construction, in order to ensure the growth of seedlings. After one month of seedling growth, the nutrients in the seeds have been exhausted and can be fertilized twice in early June and early August. Urea 5-10kg is applied on an area of 666.7m ~ 2 and irrigated immediately after application. Chestnut seedlings are afraid of waterlogging. after fertilization, in addition to the lack of soil water, they should be drained in time in the rainy season to avoid stagnant water in the nursery for a long time. It is also necessary to prevent and control diseases and insect pests in time to ensure that the seedlings are complete and healthy.

5. With fertilization, the growth cycle of Chinese chestnut can be divided into sprouting stage, new shoot growth stage, flowering stage and fruit development stage. Its fertilization is divided into base fertilizer and topdressing.

Varieties of Chinese chestnut

China has a vast territory and great differences in ecological conditions, which has formed a large number of chestnut variety resources. More than 300 varieties of Chinese chestnut have been named in China, but generally speaking, they can be divided into two types, namely, northern chestnut and southern chestnut.

1. Northern chestnut

It is mainly distributed in the Yanshan and Taihang Mountains and their adjacent areas in North China. Including Hebei, Beijing, northern Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu and northern Jiangsu. It is characterized by less fruit shape, the average weight of a single grain is about 10 grams; the meat is waxy, and the sugar content is as high as 20%; the pulp contains low starch content and high protein content; the peel is dark and shiny; the fragrance is strong, and the astringent skin is easy to peel off, which is suitable for stir-frying chestnuts.

2. Southern chestnut

Mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, southern Henan. In this area, high temperature and rainy, chestnut shape is large, the average weight of a single grain is about 15 grams, the maximum can reach 25 grams, but the sugar content is low, the starch content is high, and the meat quality is partial to japonica, so it is often used as vegetable chestnut. There are many varieties of Chinese chestnut in the north and south of China, and there are differences in the characteristics and characteristics of variety groups between the south and the north. In general, the quality of the southern variety group is not as good as that of the northern variety, and the meat is partial to japonica, which is suitable for cooking, also known as Chinese chestnut.

What is the yield of planting Chinese chestnut?

The yield of Chinese chestnut is related to the age of chestnut trees, the level of fertilization management and different planting areas. Generally, 1-2-year-old chestnut seedlings are grafted in the same year after planting, and can bear fruit in the next year. The average yield was about 2674.5kg (178.3kg/ mu) per hectare in 4 years after grafting, 4650kg (310kg/ mu) in 37 years, and 6405kg (427kg/ mu) after 7 years.

After the Chinese chestnut tree has grown for eight years, it is difficult to control the closure, so it is necessary to transplant it. Otherwise, the density is high, the light transmission is not good, only the above results, not around the results, resulting in a serious reduction in chestnut production. Therefore, the boss chestnut tree should be transformed into a happy type, so that the yield can be increased. The old-fashioned Sichuan tree has more than 12 branches per square meter and 6 branches per square meter by pruning one square meter with less flowers. The highest yield of Chinese chestnut per square meter is not more than 1 jin, the yield per mu is 667 jin, and the managed yield per mu can reach 500 jin to 600 jin.

As mentioned above, in order to improve the yield of Chinese chestnut, it is very important to understand the cultivation techniques of Chinese chestnut, whether it is land selection, seedling selection and planting. Despite the fact that chestnut trees are easy to cultivate, they all need to be well preserved in the early and later stages. If you take good care of chestnut trees, you will be surprised by the output of chestnut trees in the coming year.