Planting techniques of Chinese Chestnut

Chinese chestnut is one of the most common nuts, and its nutritious delicacy is especially loved by consumers. Chinese chestnut has strong adaptability, strong vitality and high yield, so it is one of the fruit trees that are easy to cultivate. Then work with the editor to find out what major problems are needed to grow Chinese chestnut.

Planting techniques of Chinese Chestnut

1. Garden site selection

Chestnut was planted on gravel with deep soil layer, high humus content, loose soil, good air permeability, good drainage, pH 5.5 and 6.5, and sandy soil. In addition, flat land, sunny slope and semi-sunny slope are suitable for planting.

2. Main points of planting

Full reclamation and land preparation shall be carried out on flat land and gentle sloping land, and banded land preparation shall be carried out on sloping land with large slope to avoid soil erosion. In the planting plan, the excellent seedling should be selected, and the planting depth should be equal to the interface between the grafted seedling and the surface. After the seedlings were planted, they were filled with squatting pit water, sealed the soil and sprayed with new high-fat film to preserve soil moisture. Prevent evaporation and transpiration.

3. Chestnut garden management

Hoing and loosening the soil once in summer and autumn not only eliminated the surrounding weeds, but also improved the soil structure, which was beneficial to the growth and development of roots. It is necessary to timely irrigate and fertilize according to the growth demand to ensure the nutritional demand. Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened, giving priority to prevention and combining prevention and control. After the completion of the garden, it is necessary to paint Huawang No. 2 in the period of flower bud differentiation every year, promote flower bud differentiation, inhibit shoot growth, promote flowering, protect fruit, and balance the size of the year. Spraying Zhuangguotiling before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of Castanea mollissima can effectively thicken the fruit pedicel and accelerate the fruit filling rate.

4. Clear the garden and protect trees

During the clearing of the orchard, the litter, diseased and residual branches, fallen fruits and fruits scattered in the orchard were treated centrally. Cut off strong branches, disease and insect branches, overlapping branches and competitive branches when cutting in winter, and gently cut the main branches to lengthen their heads. The wound during pruning is closed with "callus anticorrosive film" to promote wound healing and reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests. To use "tree protection general" to smear the tree body, can protect flower buds from freezing injury.

Environmental requirements for planting Chinese Chestnut

1. Castanea mollissima can be planted in places with 500-2000mm annual rainfall, but 500-1000mm is the most suitable. The requirements and responses to water are different in different phenological periods, especially in the autumn filling period of Chinese chestnut, such as sufficient water, which is beneficial to the full growth and yield of nuts.

2. Temperature, Chinese chestnut is suitable to grow in the range of annual average temperature of 10-17 ℃. During the growing period (April to October), the daily average temperature is 10-20 ℃, the winter temperature is below-25 ℃, and the optimum temperature at flowering stage is 17-27 ℃. Lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 27 ℃ will affect pollination, fertilization and fruit setting. During the fruit enlargement period from August to September, the average temperature above 20 ℃ can promote the growth of nuts.

3. In soil, Chinese chestnut is suitable to grow on sandy soil with more organic matter and good aeration, which is beneficial to the growth of root system and the production of a large amount of mycorrhiza. It grows poorly on the soil with heavy stickiness, poor ventilation and poor drainage in the rainy season. Chinese chestnut is sensitive to soil acidity and alkalinity, and the suitable range of ph is 4-7 and the most suitable is 5-6 slightly acidic soil. Most of the weathered soil in limestone mountain area is alkaline, which is not suitable for the development of Chinese chestnut. The weathered soil of granite and gneiss is slightly acidic and well ventilated, which is suitable for the growth of Chinese chestnut. The main reason why Chinese chestnut adapts to acidic soil is that it can meet the requirements of manganese and calcium, especially manganese, when the ph value is high, manganese is insoluble and can not be absorbed by roots. Chinese chestnut is a high manganese plant, and the content of manganese in leaves is more than 0.2%, which is significantly higher than that of other fruit trees. However, in alkaline soil, the content of manganese in leaves will be less than 0.12%, the leaf color will be green, and the metabolic function is very low. Therefore, Chinese chestnut must be developed in slightly acidic soil areas.

4. Light, Castanea mollissima is a strong light-loving tree species, which requires sufficient light during the growth period. In the valley where the average daily light time is less than 6 hours, the tree growth is erect, the leaves are thin and the branches are thin, the yield is low and the quality is poor. Therefore, the selection of garden site, the establishment of planting density, the way of shaping and pruning and other cultivation management should be considered according to the strong light preference of Chinese chestnut.

How to prevent insect pests

In autumn and winter, brush the tree trunk with the mixture of stone-sulfur mixture, salt, quicklime, manganic zinc and water (1-1-6-0. 5-0. 5-20), which can prevent and cure chestnut blight, and the diseased tissue should be scraped off first; powdery mildew can be sprayed with 0.3 Baomedu stone sulfur mixture or 50% methyl topiramate 100-fold solution at the initial stage of the disease. The control of chestnut weevil can spray 1000 times of trichlorfon or 1000 times of dichlorvos in early June. Soaking nuts in 50 ℃ hot water for 10 minutes after fruit harvest can kill the larvae in the fruit. The key to the control of chestnut greasy insects is to scrape off the bark of overwintering eggs in winter, white the trunk with stone-sulfur mixture, and spray 1500 times or 1000 times of chlorpromazine in the middle of May. The control of chestnut moth can spray 800 times of aldicarb or 600 times of isocarbophos when pests occur from July to August.

Harvesting methods of Chinese Chestnut

Chinese chestnut generally matures from September to October, and there are three harvesting methods for reference:

1. Chestnut harvest: chestnut bract method

The method of beating chestnut bracts directly from a tree with a bamboo pole is called chestnut bract method. The chestnut bract method should strictly control the harvest time and harvest at the right time. The best harvest time is that when the chestnut bud cracks up to 50%, it can be harvested at one time. This method has the advantages of centralized harvest period, high speed and convenient management and sales.

2. Chestnut harvesting: chestnut picking method

In order to ensure the quality of chestnut fruit, the method of picking chestnut should be advocated. When the nut is fully ripe, the chestnut bud cracks, the nut or chestnut bud falls off, and the fruit is picked up every morning and evening. The nuts that fall to the ground, with full grains and good quality, are suitable for storage and transportation.

3. Chestnut harvesting method 3: chestnut picking method is often used in combination with chestnut bract method in production, that is, chestnut picking method is used when some chestnut seeds fall off 2-3 days before harvest, and one-time harvest or batch harvest when 50% of chestnut buds are cracked.

Attention: the chestnut fruit should be harvested when more than half of the chestnut canopy is cracked because of insufficient material accumulation, high water content, poor fruit flavor and poor storage resistance. In order to reduce the loss, the fallen fruit should be picked up in time every day during the harvest period to avoid air drying.

The use value of Chinese chestnut is very wide, and the edible methods are diversified, not only can eat raw Chinese chestnut, but also can be stewed and fried, and many people like to make wine with Chinese chestnut and so on. So it seems that planting Chinese chestnut is one of the good projects to start a business, with high output and good prospects for development.