Cultivation Techniques of Southern Kyoho Grape

Grape is a kind of fruit that we often eat in our life, small round grapes closely together to form a string, sweet, juicy and nutritious, especially sought after by consumers. Jufeng grape is one of the grape varieties, so how to grow the southern Jufeng grape?

Planting techniques of southern Jufeng grape

1. Clear the garden: in the planting conditions of Jufeng grape, before being unearthed, thoroughly clean up the withered leaves, weeds and grape stalks in the vineyard, remove the old warped skin from the trunk and vines, and burn it or bury it deeply.

2. Timely unearthing and delayed shelving: it is suitable to be unearthed in Dalian from the end of March to the beginning of April, when the average daily temperature reaches 10 ℃. After removing the soil, keep the branches and vines in a cold-proof state, wait for the lower buds to sprout and expand, and then tie them up to the shelves, and make the branches grow obliquely.

3. Spray germicidal remover: spray Baume 5 degree stone sulfur mixture or 200 times pentachlorophenol sodium when the bud expands into an antler ball, requiring considerate spraying up and down the branches and on the ground.

4. appropriate application of fertilizer and water: in the planting conditions of Jufeng grape, the conditional areas should apply sufficient organic fertilizer after fruit harvest in autumn as far as possible. Before blooming in spring, if not too dry, try not to topdressing and watering, especially not topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, lest the early growth is too prosperous, which is disadvantageous to fruit setting. After falling flowers, when the grains grow to the size of soybeans, they will be fertilized and watered once, and then watered frequently with small water depending on the drought.

Shaping and pruning

Grape shaping and pruning in northern China has always been dominated by hedgerow fan shape or dragon stem shape with short tip pruning, which is suitable for dry or winter buried areas. Before the 1980s, most of the pruning in the southern region used to copy the northern producing areas. For example, the Baixiangjiao grapes originally cultivated in Shanghai were mainly in the fan shape of hedge, with high planting density and heavy pruning. In the winter of 1982, the author inspected the cultivation of Jufeng in Shanghai. The type of frame is hedge frame or hedge frame, fan-shaped finishing technique. Results the cutting length of mother branch is too short, most of them are medium and short shoots, the amount of pruning is heavy, and the load of bud eyes is less, which is bound to make the branches and leaves of Jufeng grow and affect fruit setting. In order to solve this problem, we have summarized and put forward the principle of "light cutting and long release" under the fan-shaped finishing technique, in which the cutting length of the mother branch is longer, mainly the long and middle shoots, and the load of the bud limit is also increased. This helps to control the excessive growth of branches and is conducive to the stability of Jufeng trees.

In the current southern Jufeng production park, the main types are flat scaffolding, hedgerow (single-wall hedge, Y-shaped hedge), hedge scaffolding and so on. Among them, the Zhenjiang sentence Rongping scaffolding is relatively standardized, such as the Japanese Washikawa-style X-shaped technique, and the fan-shaped scaffolding in the suburbs of Shanghai. There are still some problems in some producing areas, such as irregular tree shape, too many backbone vines and so on. Especially in the new cultivation area, there is still a lack of basic knowledge of grape pruning, so it is urgent to strengthen the popularization of science and technology.

Humidity management and irrigation

The appropriate index of humidity management, according to the water requirement characteristics of Jufeng grape growth, there are also different requirements in humidity management: from bud germination to pre-flowering, the relative humidity is generally controlled at 70%-80%; the flowering period is required to be relatively dry, which is conducive to anther opening and pollen emission, but it is too dry and prone to the abnormal phenomenon of Corolla non-cracking and drying on the stamens, affecting fruit setting. During this period, the humidity in the shed should be controlled between 60% and 65%, which is also close to the air humidity in the same period of open field cultivation under natural conditions (60% to 69%).

Watering management. The buckle shed was watered once and the bud sprouted for the second time. Individual single flowers should be watered with a small amount of water before blooming. After that, the whole garden was sealed with membrane. Raise the ground temperature, prevent the water vapor from rising, and reduce the air humidity. After 95% of the flowers in the garden are shedding, the plastic film is irrigated for the first time, the berries are watered for the second time every 20 days, and the watering management in the greenhouse is basically completed.

Temperature management

The control of temperature is the key to the success or failure of fruit tree cultivation in protected land. Therefore, the initial 3-5 days of the buckle film is the full curtain period, after the ground is completely thawed, the grapes begin to warm up during the day after natural preparation and short adaptation. According to the different growth stages, the warming is roughly divided into three stages of management. In the early stage, from sprouting to flowering, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse could be rapidly increased to 23-25 ℃. The greenhouse with good lighting and good heat preservation can be increased to 27028 ℃. It should be noted that when it exceeds 25 ℃, the temperature should be controlled by releasing the wind in time.

The temperature in the early stage is too high, and the growth is often irregular. While keeping watch, it can supplement CO2. At this time, the night should pay attention to heat preservation, so that the temperature is maintained at 7: 8 ℃. In the middle period, before and after flowering, as flowering and pollination are extremely sensitive to light, sunshine should be increased as much as possible during the day, heating up, and timely ventilation. The suitable temperature control range is 25-28 ℃. More than 30 ℃, should pay attention to open against the wind, ventilation to cool down. Keep warm at night and keep the temperature above 14 ℃ to facilitate pollination and fertilization and improve fruit setting rate.

In the later stage, the berries expanded to maturity, the natural temperature began to rise, and the temperature difference between inside and outside the shed was small, so it was easy to control the temperature in the shed, which could maintain 2832 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night. The temperature difference between day and night is more than 10 ℃, which is beneficial to the coloring of berries.

Through the above content, I believe we all have a certain understanding. Although Jufeng grapes can be grown in both the south and the north, the planting methods are different. In the later stage of planting Jufeng grape in the south, we must pay attention to its temperature and humidity management, which has an important relationship to improve the yield and variety of Jufeng grape.