Planting techniques of Actinidia chinensis

When it comes to Chinese kiwifruit, I believe everyone is confused, what is Chinese kiwifruit? In fact, Chinese kiwifruit is a variety of kiwifruit, the origin is China, so it is named Chinese kiwifruit. The following editor will introduce some planting methods of Chinese kiwifruit.

Planting techniques of Actinidia chinensis

1. Sowing seeds

Choose a large ripe fruit, harvest it and ripen it after six or seven days, take out the seed, wash it with water, dry it with gauze, then bury it in slightly moist sand and store it for 1-2 months, which can improve its germination energy and germination rate. Nursery land is best to choose more shady, guest drainage, more loose and fertile sandy soil. It is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer and fill the bottom water with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters, and the soil on the border surface should be fine and flat.

It is suitable to sow seeds from late February to early March. Before sowing, mix the special seeds with some sandy soil and sow 6-8 grams of seeds per square meter. It is covered with a layer of fine sand 4mm to 5mm thick and slightly suppressed. Cover with straw and water to keep the soil moist and promote seed germination. It is best to support an arched plastic film shed above the seedling bed to prevent the impact of Rain Water and reduce water evaporation. at the same time, it can also increase the temperature of the seedling bed, which is beneficial to shading, watering, topdressing, loosening the soil, weeding and interseedling after seed germination.

2. Grafting

Scion collection: combined with winter pruning, scions were collected from 20 days after defoliation of kiwifruit varieties to 15 days before sprouting in spring. The 1-year-old branches with no disease and insect pests, full growth and full bud eyes were selected as scions, 30-50 branches and 1 bundle. After listing and marking, the scions were erect and planted in indoor yellow sand for preservation. The humidity of river sand should be squeezed into a mass by hand, and it is appropriate to release it.

Grafting time and method: the high grafting time is 2 ~ 3 months (before and after Qingming Festival can be grafted). One male plant is left every 7 plants, and 2-3 main branches are selected for each plant, and the height of the grafting site of the main branch is controlled within 50cm. The grafting method is that 1-2 strong buds are left on each scion, the long cutting plane of the scion is 3-4cm, and the short cutting plane is 0.5~1.0cm. The long cutting surface of the scion is inserted into the cut of the rootstock to ensure that there is a cambium alignment on one side of the rootstock after grafting. The top of the scion, the rootstock and the saw were sealed with a special grafting film to protect moisture and improve the survival rate. Check whether it is alive or not in the next 15 days, and those who have not received the job should be reconnected in time.

3. Cuttage

Choose sandy soil with wind shelter, good drainage, loose soil texture, good permeability and certain water retention capacity, and mix the right amount of river sand within 15 cm of topsoil to promote rooting. Generally, one-year-old branches with flowering station fruit, no diseases and insect pests, strong growth, smooth epidermis and full bud eyes are selected in spring (female and male branches should be separated). Each cuttings generally retain 2-3 nodes: cut off the delicate part of the top of the branch (1.0-1.5 cm away from the axillary bud), cut off wax, and reduce water evaporation. Cut obliquely with bayonet at the base of the cuttings about 1.5 cm from the bud, and the section should be smooth. Before cutting, the base of the cuttings should be treated with growth hormone, and 1% mother solution should be prepared with indole butyric acid powder and 70% potassium carbonate (that is, 1 gram of indolebutyric acid powder plus 7% potassium carbonate solution to 1000 ml). When in use, add water and dilute to 0.15% 0.3% (that is, dilute the base of the branch to 1500 ml or 3000 ml with 15ml or 30ml mother solution), and dip the base of the branch in the solution.

Pollen collection

The main results are as follows: 1. Spread the anther flat on the paper and place it at 25: 28 ℃ for 20 / 24 h, so that the Shanxi fruit trees can release pollen.

2. Spread the anther on the table and hang a 100w light bulb above 100cm from the table. Wait for the anther to crack and take out the pollen.

3. After covering the anther with a layer of newspaper, it can be desalinated in the sun or on a hot Kang with low temperature. After the anther is cracked, the pollen is screened out in a fine basket, put into a clean glass bottle and stored in a low temperature and dry place for use. The pure pollen can be stored for 1 to 2 years in a sealed container of-20 ℃ and more than 10 days in a household refrigerator of 5 ℃. The pollination fruit setting rate can reach 100% when stored at dry room temperature for 5 days, but with the extension of storage time, the fruit weight decreases gradually, and the pollination effect of pollen stored for 24 hours and 48 hours is the best.

Control methods of diseases and insect pests

1. Breeding disease-resistant and cold-resistant varieties to enhance the tree potential.

2. take anti-freezing measures, high soil, wrapped grass, white coating and stone-sulfur mixture.

3. When the soil boron content is lower than 0.3mg, 0.5~1.0kg borax is applied per mu one month before germination, and then increased from May to June.

4. Spray 70%DTM wettable powder 1000 times, agricultural streptomycin 1000mg/L solution, or copper sulfate 800 times solution alternately every 7 to 10 days before autumn and spring. Fifth, before and after flowering, combined with improving the fruit setting rate, spraying 0.3% boric acid solution 1-2 times, and making use of the complementary principle of phosphorus and boron, pay attention to the adjustment of garden soil, often in the state of high phosphorus (containing available phosphorus preferably above 80~100mg) and medium boron (containing available boron best within 0.3~0.5mg).

How to prune Actinidia chinensis

The "bleeding" phenomenon of pruning kiwifruit in winter is more serious than that of grapes, so we should pay attention to the pruning period. It is generally appropriate to prune from the beginning of winter to the end of January of the following year. Pruning from February to March is easy to cause bleeding. When the bleeding is serious, the germination of buds will be affected, and serious branches will die.

The main contents of winter pruning are thinning and truncation. Sparse branches, mainly to remove too many branches, too dense thin branches, etc.; when cut, the cut should be 3 cm above the bud, not too close, otherwise, the cut bud is easy to dry. Different types of branches have different pruning methods. For long-growing branches, generally leave 5-6 buds short to promote 2-3 shoots, and if they are not needed, they should be thinned as early as possible; for futile fruit-bearing branches, generally above the fruiting part, 3-4 buds should be cut; for long-fruit branches and medium-fruit branches, 2-3 buds should be retained; for short-fruit branches and short-fruit branches, they should not be cut short; for fruit-bearing mother branches that have borne fruit for more than 3 years, they should be retracted and renewed according to the situation. The over-dense developing branches are properly thinned, and those to be cultured as fruiting mother branches can be between 50 cm and 100 cm, and the suitable parts should be cut short.

Through the above content, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of growing Chinese kiwifruit. Chinese kiwifruit is very rich in nutrition, suitable for men and women, old and young. Some girls who love beauty might as well eat more kiwifruit, which has a very good effect on beauty, whitening and weight loss.