Kiwifruit planting technology, reasonable pruning and shaping to ensure fruit quality

Garden site selection: deep soil layer, high soil humus, loose and fertile soil, adequate water source and good drainage and irrigation facilities. Planting: the seedlings are sturdy, the planting distance and the collocation of male and female are reasonable. Root pruning: pruning the roots of injured or moldy parts. Pruning: pruning the aboveground part of the seedling, the grafting membrane should be removed. Planting seedlings: take the planting point as the center, dig the planting hole. Plastic surgery: determine the amount of buds left behind, deal with the trunk, pruning and pruning tips to leave buds, pulling branches and binding vines. Management: thinning buds and flowers.

Kiwifruit is a delicious and nutritious fruit, kiwifruit has a layer of hair on the outside, looks hard kiwifruit, but tastes particularly soft and delicious, sour and sweet is suitable, and kiwifruit nutritional value is very high, capturing the hearts of many foodies. Due to the great demand in the kiwifruit market, many people are ready to enter the kiwifruit planting industry. Let's take a look at how kiwifruit is planted.

Key points of cultivation techniques of kiwifruit

I. Garden construction

The main results are as follows: 1. the soil layer of the garden is the best, the humus content of the soil is high, and the soil is loose and fertile.

2. The water source of the garden should be adequate, and the drainage and irrigation facilities should be well built.

3. The location of the garden should be convenient, and the altitude should be between 1200 and 800m.

4. The garden should not be built on the tuyere, but on the leeward side. If the garden is built in the mountains, the slope direction should be chosen, such as the early sunny slope and the late sunny slope, but the slope should not exceed 30 degrees.

5. The opening of the box is about 3 meters, the double row is 3 × 2 meters, and the canal is 0.8 meters deep and 1 meter wide, which should ensure the convenience of drainage and irrigation.

II. Colonization

The main results are as follows: 1. The seedlings to be planted should be sturdy, and the collocation of male and female should be reasonable. The ratio of male and female plants should generally be 8:1 or 6:1. If the varieties of female plants are different, then the varieties matching male plants should not be the same. The principle of matching male varieties is not only the same flowering period as female varieties, but also a long flowering period, a large amount of pollen and strong pollen vitality.

2. Planting distance: in the early stage, in order to increase the yield of kiwifruit, we can use row spacing of 2 meters, plant spacing of 1.5 meters, and then sparse row spacing of 2 meters and plant spacing of 3 meters year by year according to the growth situation in the later stage.

3. Excavation: the pit is selected in the season before planting, and the diameter and depth of the pit are both 1 meter.

4. Planting time: usually from December to January of the following year.

Third, root trimming

Before planting, the root system of the injured or moldy part should be pruned reasonably, it must be cut to the healthy part, and the cut should be smooth. The roots more than 30 cm long should be cut short properly, soaked with rooting powder and fungicide, and then placed beside the field ditch to moisturize and set aside.

4. Pruning

Prune the aboveground part of kiwifruit seedlings before planting, especially leave 3-4 full buds above the grafting interface (or rhizome), while all the other branches should be removed, and the grafting membrane should be removed.

5. Planting seedlings

Take the planting point as the center, dig the planting hole, 30-40 cm in diameter and 30-50 cm deep, put the prepared seedlings in the center of the planting hole, and then comb the root system by hand, distribute evenly, make the root tip down, and then fill the fine soil into the rhizosphere. With the filling, lift the root system up gently, press it properly, irrigate once through water, make the root system stretch and closely combine with the soil, and do not tread heavily.

VI. Plastic surgery

According to the principle of putting the trunk on the shelf, one stem, two vines, four branches and eight sides, the specific steps are as follows:

1. Determine the amount of shoots left.

If the yield per mu is 2000 kg and the row spacing is 2 × 3 meters per plant, the average plant yield is 20 kg, which is calculated according to 10 fruits per kilogram, that is, each plant needs about 200 fruits per plant, plus 20% accidental loss, at least about 240. each fruit branch needs 60-80 flower buds according to 3 fruit branches, and pruning according to the technique of keeping fewer branches and more buds in winter pruning, each mother branch needs 12-18 mother branches according to 8 flower buds. There can be 2-3 fruiting mother branches per square meter.

2. Deal with the backbone

The first is to remove the bending, bark injury, disease and insect trunk and poor growth trunk of the multi-trunk tree year by year, but not to remove too much at one time, so as not to affect the yield; the second is to retract the serious outward movement, aging and disease of the main vine; third, if the growth of the trunk is not ideal, it can be cultivated and used to replace the middle and lower branches, and then get rid of the old trunk after hanging fruit on the new trunk. The trunk branches that need to be removed should be sawed off immediately after fruit picking to avoid bleeding from the wound in spring.

3. Pruning

If you choose to leave the annual fruiting mother branch, you can choose the mother branch in accordance with the principle of "five go and five stay":

① goes far and stays near (bare legs far away from the trunk)

② goes to the top and stays (when there are several mother branches at the same time, choose to leave the branch)

③ goes to the outside (that is, the outer branch, the outer branch of the second frame) and stays inside.

④ de-bending (growing curved curled branches) to keep straight

⑤ weakens (thin and weak branches, ultra-short branches) and keeps strong, while withered branches, overlapping branches, dry piles and over-dense branches are cut off at the same time.

4. Cutting shoots and leaving buds

After pruning, the selected fruiting mother branches are treated. Generally speaking, as long as the spring and summer shoots are full buds, all the buds that are not full, sprouting buds, necrotic buds or autumn shoots should be cut off, and the autumn shoots are cut off from the blind section (that is, heart-picking). The buds under the blind section are generally of the best quality and should be retained. According to the pruning method of fewer branches and more buds and the yield calculation, the strong long fruiting mother branch can leave 12-15 full buds, the golden mean branch 8-12 buds, and the weaker mother branch 6-8 buds.

5. Complex shearing

The selected fruiting mother branches should be considered and compared. after leaving enough fruiting mother branches, the weak branches which are not suitable, not ideal and missed cutting should be cut off again.

6. Pull branches and tie vines

After pruning, the work of pulling branches and binding vines will be carried out. This task usually ends at the end of January of the following year. Binding the vines too late will easily cause damage to the branches. So first of all, we have to pull the branches flat on the shelf surface with hyperbolic cloth strips on the branches, pull them to the outer wire and tie them tight. for example, the branches can be crossed and tied up when the branches move out of the tree with a hollow heart. Each branch is tied with 1-2 channels, and the distribution of branches should be uniform and reasonable.

7. Six-step pruning method

First, it is necessary to highlight the functions and characteristics of the "T" frame. In order to expand the crown and increase the early yield, the young trees should be put on the shelf with multi-branches in the early fruit stage, while in the full fruit stage, it should be gradually improved to single main stem and multi-branches.

Second, it is necessary to prune according to the varieties of kiwifruit trees, grasp them flexibly, and do not adopt an one-size-fits-all approach. It is wrong to copy mechanically.

The third is to control the top advantage and prevent the result position from moving outward.

The fourth is to cultivate a new branch group and rejuvenate the tree.

Fifth, it is necessary to improve the commercial fruit of kiwifruit as the premise, rather than simply pursue higher yield.

VII. Management

First, pay attention to thinning buds, flowers, fruits and vegetables, supplemented by artificial pollination.

Second, the improvement of soil mainly adopts the type of ridges and chambers.

Environmental requirements of kiwifruit planting

1. Temperature: temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of kiwifruit. It can grow normally in the area where the annual average temperature is above 11 ℃. The sprouting of kiwifruit is very sensitive to the requirement of air temperature. the average temperature of kiwifruit sprouting is relatively stable, and its biological transmissivity is 8 ℃. If the daily average temperature is higher than 8 ℃, it begins to germinate and grow, and the daily average temperature is lower than 8 ℃, its growth will be affected. The long sunny, high temperature and dry weather in summer will also affect the growth and development of kiwifruit, such as falling leaves, fruit or withered shoots.

2. Moisture: water is the most basic component of kiwifruit. Water must be involved in all kinds of life activities. Insufficient or excessive water will affect the growth and development of kiwifruit. Kiwifruit has shallow roots and is not tolerant to drought, so kiwifruit should be irrigated timely and reasonably in growing season, high temperature and drought, replenish enough water and reduce the temperature of the tree. Kiwifruit can grow well in an environment with rainfall of about 1000 mm and air relative humidity of 70% and 80%.

3. Soil: soil is the basis of the growth and development of kiwifruit. The nutrients and water it needs are mainly taken from the soil. Various physical and chemical properties of soil directly affect its growth and development. Kiwifruit likes sandy soil with deep soil, fertile and loose soil, good water retention and drainage, and high humus content. Therefore, attention should be paid to the selection and improvement of soil during cultivation. Kiwifruit also has certain requirements on soil acidity and alkalinity. Kiwifruit can grow normally in the range of soil PH5.5-6.5. Iron deficiency yellowing occurs in the subtractive soil above PH7.5, so it is necessary to take timely measures to improve the conditions needed for kiwifruit in order to get good growth results.

4. Light: the light requirements of kiwifruit vary with age, young seedlings like shade, adult plants like light, under good sunshine conditions, the tree is strong, blossom and bear fruit. The sunshine hours affecting the yield and quality of kiwifruit in the natural distribution area are mostly between 300 and 2600 hours, which generally meet the requirements of light during its growth and development.

Seedling planting technique

The planting time should be from October to the end of February of the following year. Planting with seedlings to maintain the main, grafted seedlings as a supplement. Seedlings should be disease-free, insect-free, new, robust and well-developed root system. Root injury, injured branches, disease and insect roots or branches should be cut off by pruning. The plant spacing of the civil construction garden in dry land is 2-2.2 meters, and the row spacing is 3-4 meters. The rice field was planted according to the plant spacing of 2-2.5 meters and the row spacing of 4 meters. Remove the binding material at the graft joint when planting grafted seedlings. Female: male = 10:1. Directly dig a hole at the planting point to make a mound of steamed bread. The size of the mound depends on the root system of the seedlings, but the pile must be 10 cm higher than the surface of the box. When planting, Chiang Kai-shek's roots should be spread separately and evenly on the soil mound, and the roots should be tilted straight. after the roots are put away, the fine soil will be filled. After planting, fill with enough root water, wait for the water to dry and then cover a layer of fine soil and manage a planting plate with a diameter of 1 meter. Finally, pay attention to moisturizing and warming. Planting should be covered with plastic film in autumn and winter and straw or turf in spring.

Pollen collection

Two to three days before pollination, male plants with earlier flowering stage, more pollen, strong affinity with female varieties, high pollen germination rate and long flowering period were selected to collect male flowers that were budding or blooming but the anthers did not crack. Remove the anthers with tweezers, toothbrushes, scissors, etc., and then take the following methods to depollinate:

1. Spread the anther flat on the paper and place it under 25-28 ℃ for 20-24 hours to make the flower disperse pollen.

2. Spread the anther on the table, hang a 100w light bulb above the table 100cm, and wait for the anther to crack and take out the pollen.

3. After covering the anther with a layer of newspaper, it can be desalinated in the sun or on a hot Kang with low temperature. After the anther is cracked, the pollen is screened out in a fine basket, put into a clean glass bottle and stored in a low temperature and dry place for use. The pure pollen can be stored for 1 to 2 years in a sealed container of-20 ℃ and more than 10 days in a household refrigerator of 5 ℃. The pollination fruit setting rate could reach 100% when stored at dry room temperature for 5 days, but with the extension of storage time, the fruit weight decreased gradually, and the pollination effect of pollen stored for 24 hours and 48 hours was the best.

As mentioned above, kiwifruit is healthy and delicious, eating has many benefits to the human body, is a rare health care fruit, and kiwifruit is eaten in many ways, such as raw food, juice extraction, wine making and so on. So it seems that kiwifruit cultivation is also a profitable project with considerable prospects.