Cultivation Technique of Trichosanthes chinensis

As one of the commonly used medicinal materials in China, Trichosanthes has high nutritional value and efficacy. Because of the popularity of Trichosanthes, the cultivation of Trichosanthes has also become a popular planting choice. So, how can we plant trichosanthin well and what planting techniques are needed? Let's take a look at it with the editor.

Planting techniques of Trichosanthes

1. Seed propagation: most of the seeds in northern producing areas were sowed between Qingming and Grain Rain. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 hours. According to the row spacing of 20 cm, plant spacing of 12 cm, hole-on-demand. The hole is 4 cm deep, put 1-2 seeds in each hole, cover the soil, and then water it. Always keep the ground moist before emergence. When the humidity is about 20 ℃, seedlings can emerge in about 20 days. After transplanting in the next spring, the row spacing was 120 × 150 cm.

2. Split-root propagation: select species and plants, and select multiple male plants for the purpose of harvesting roots (trichosanthin). During the period from Qingming Festival to the Beginning of Summer, the root was dug out, cut into segments of 6-9 cm, and the wound was smeared with plant ash. Be careful not to hurt the fibrous root. Those with fresh white cross-section can be used as seed roots, but those with yellow tendons in cross-section should not be planted. On the finished border surface, dig abundant according to the row spacing of 120 × 150 cm, put the roots flat, cover the soil 5-10 cm, and suppress slightly. The soil above is sealed for 25 centimeters to preserve moisture. If the climate is normal, sprout half a month after planting, flatten the soil, and the seedlings can grow. In times of drought, ditches are opened and watered.

3. Tendril propagation: due to the characteristic of adventitious root growth, when Rain Water is sufficient and the temperature is high in summer, the strong vine is pulled into the ground and the soil is pressed at the base of the leaf. After rooting, the stem branch can be truncated to form a new plant. However, the growth of this method is slow, and it is generally only used to replenish seedlings.

Field Management of Trichosanthes

The main results are as follows: 1. Select land preparation, select sandy soil with ventilation and light transmission, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, apply 2000-3000 kg of farm fertilizer, 40 kg of cake fertilizer and 30-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu. Deep ploughing in late autumn and early winter, raking fine, leveling the following spring, making the border to be sown.

2. Watering should be done in time after planting to keep the ground moist. After the seedlings come out, they should be ploughed, weeded and watered in time. Intercropping in wheat fields can leave 20-30 cm high stubble when harvesting wheat to facilitate stem climbing, ventilation and light. Topdressing twice before and after the seedling height of 0.5 meters. About 10 kg of urea (20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate) per mu was applied 20 cm away from the seedlings and watered at the same time.

Cultivation and Management of Trichosanthes

1. Growth habits: Trichosanthes likes rich and deep sandy soil or semi-sandy soil, and is afraid of waterlogging. It is a semi-arid crop with good drainage, cold resistance and can survive the winter in the field.

2. Cultivation techniques: after selecting the land, deep ploughing fine rake, spraying disinfectant plus 800-fold solution of new high-fat film to disinfect the soil, applying sufficient basic fertilizer, applying 100 kg phosphate fertilizer and a little trace elements per mu, leveling and making the border, the size of the border is suitable according to the land.

3. seed pre-sowing treatment: it is better to use medium-sized seeds. Soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours, then cover them with a wet cloth, and then sow the seeds when the kernels rise completely and the white bud tip appears. Spray the seed surface with a new high-fat film before sowing, sow in a trench between Qingming and Grain Rain, the row spacing is 24cm 30cm, the depth is 3cm, put the seeds according to the plant spacing 6cm-7cm, cover the soil flat, spray the new high-fat film to keep the soil moisture, prevent and control the soil plate, improve the seed emergence rate, and emerge in about 20 days. The seedling stage can be properly watered, and after the border surface is suitable for planting, the floating soil can be released to help preserve soil moisture.

4. Field management: pay attention to weeding and watering in the seedling stage, timely spray 800-fold solution of new high lipid membrane to prevent bacterial infection, improve the ability of resistance to natural disasters, and protect the growth of seedlings. Watering to preserve soil moisture, June to July is a long-term scientific and reasonable topdressing, and timely spraying of medicinal herbs Root Daling is conducive to root growth. The output is high.

Control of Diseases and insect pests of Trichosanthes

Root knot nematode disease: root knot (galls) of different sizes were found on the main, lateral and fibrous roots of the diseased plant in the early stage, and the largest diameter on the main root was more than 2cm, and white female nematodes could be seen after the root knot was cut open; in the later stage, it led to root rot, dwarf of the diseased plant, slow growth and development, small leaves, turning green and yellow, and finally the stem of the whole plant withered.

I. physical and biological comprehensive methods should be used for prevention and control.

During soil preparation from autumn to early spring, ① ploughed the soil deeply, exposed the soil, and killed diseases and insect pests.

② selected disease-free root and fruit seeds as seeds to reduce the artificial transmission of the disease.

During the rainy season, ③ strengthens field drainage, reduces soil moisture, scrapes and examines diseased plants in time, removes the diseased roots or pulls out diseased plants, sprinkles lime powder on the diseased points, and compacts the soil to prevent spread.

When necessary, ④ can be treated with low-toxic fungicide polyoxin or anti-fungal 100~150ppm solution in the early stage of plant disease.

The adults of Huangshou melon bite the leaves in groups; the larvae are semi-native, bite the roots in the soil, and even eat into the roots, causing the plants to wither and die.

II. Prevention and control methods

① hunted and killed adults artificially in the morning. In order to improve the efficiency of catching insects, the false death of adults can be used in the seedling stage and non-flowering and fruit setting stage. One hand holds a washbasin with thin batter attached to the bottom of the stem and leaf, and the other gently pats the scaffolding or stem and leaf, and the adult falls into the basin paste and suffocates one after another.

② was sprayed with 400 × 600 times dilution of Yuteng essence, a biological preparation.

Harvest and processing of Trichosanthes

Generally, 4 ~ 5 years after planting, if the fertility is sufficient and properly managed, it can also be harvested for 2 years. The production life is too long, the powder quality is reduced, and the quality becomes worse. Generally speaking, it is better before and after Frosts Descent in autumn. The female plant should be dug up after harvest. Dig out the fresh roots, wash the soil, scrape off the skin with a knife, cut the large pieces into 3-4 sections or cut longitudinally and then cut into pieces, dry or dry directly. When drying, it is necessary to prevent the soaking of rain, frost and snow, otherwise it is easy to change color and affect the quality.

It can be seen from the above that the planting technology of Trichosanthes is not difficult, as long as the growers follow its methods and laws, they will cultivate high-quality and healthy Radix Trichosanthis, so as to obtain greater economic benefits. I hope the editor's article can provide help to those who need it.