Planting methods of peach trees

Peaches are very delicious, sweet and juicy in one bite, and are loved by people, so the planting of peach trees is becoming more and more popular. Different fruit trees are planted differently, so let's talk about how peach trees are planted.

Planting methods of peach trees

1. Seed selection: the naturally ripe fruit, that is, the fruit harvested in the first ten days of October of that year, peeled off and buried shallowly in the soil (twice the diameter of the fruit, or buried with mung bean seedlings, can be properly buried deeply, and the bean seedlings can be reduced after growing, and must not be pulled up. It's easy to hurt the roots of the seedlings.

2. Soil selection: Sandy soil (thickness with 3:7) well drained loam + garden soil (or better fermented soil) ratio (sandy soil, loam, garden soil) 3:2:5.

3. Watering principle: once watering thoroughly (there are small droplets leaking from the bottom of the basin), tap water needs to be put into utensils in advance. 80% of the water in the upper layer is used, but Rain Water does not need it. Regular watering of Rain Water can appropriately reduce the use of fertilizer.

4, the production of fermented soil: dig a pit 30-50 cm wide and half a meter deep (specific size can be arranged by yourself).

5. Kitchen waste: eggshells, fish bones, beef and mutton bones, leafy vegetable stalks are better, rich in organic matter. After putting in the waste, bury the soil more than 90% (1 meter deep pit, 80 cm), water after stepping on it, about 1-2L, dig it out and use it the next year, and make a good effect of base fertilizer.

The establishment of peach orchard

1. Garden selection: peach should choose sandy loam with good drainage and loose soil, and the south slope is the best, but continuous cropping is avoided, that is, peach trees can no longer be planted on the land where peach trees have been planted.

2. Soil improvement before planting: the soil must be deeply turned before planting peaches, and the sloping land should be changed into terraces to thicken the soil layer, and then the planting holes or planting ditches should be dug according to the row spacing. The depth and width of the holes should be 2.5 meters, and each hole should be pressed with at least 100 jin of slag fertilizer and divided into 4 layers, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening and breathable air and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The flat dam and clayey soil should also be improved and cultivated in deep trenches and towers with a drainage depth of more than 2.5 feet. Inside the box, according to the strip ditch to improve the soil, ditch depth 80CM, ditch width 70CM, divided into three layers into garbage, slag fertilizer.

3. Planting period: both spring and autumn can be planted, but autumn planting is the best, autumn planting temperature is high, Rain Water is more, it is easy to recover after root damage, squatting time can be reduced in the coming year, sprouting is neat, and planting is appropriate from October to December.

4. Planting density: generally, it should be determined according to variety characteristics, topography, soil conditions, shaping methods and cultivation methods. The varieties with strong tree potential can be planted sparsely, and the varieties with weak tree potential can be planted more densely; the cultivation distance in flat land is larger than that in mountainous area; the cultivation distance in fertile soil is larger than that in barren land; the planting density in planned dense plantation is higher than that in fixed plantation; and the planting density of "Y" shape shaping is higher than that of happy shaping. Generally, the row spacing is 3 × 4 m 2 or 3 × 3 m 2, and 56 or 74 plants are planted per mu.

5. Planting: prune the injured root and the oversized main root before planting, then straighten the plant, stretch the root system, cover the soil 5-10CM, use your feet, cultivate the soil ridge around the seedling to make a disc, then pour through water, and cover a layer of fine soil after underwater infiltration, which can also cover a layer of grass, which can reduce water evaporation and is beneficial to survival.

Planting methods of peach trees

The row spacing is 3 meters and 2 meters alternately, and the plant spacing is one meter. About 270 plants are planted per mu.

The main results are as follows: 1. Using a trunk spindle tree, the crown diameter is 1 meter, the plant height is about 3 meters, the ventilation and light transmission is good, and the fruit setting rate and fruit quality are improved.

2. Daxing (3 meters) is suitable for machines and vehicles to enter the industry for spraying, fertilization, fruit picking, weeding, etc., saving a lot of labor and convenient management.

3. After high yield, there is no need to use the top side branch of the stent every year. Winter pruning saves labor and is easy to master.

4. it is beneficial to premature yield and high yield. in the second year, the plant yield can reach 15 jin, and the yield per mu can reach 4000 jin; in the third year, the plant yield can reach 30 jin, 8000 jin per mu, and the yield per mu in the high yield period is more than 10,000 jin. On the other hand, the traditional happy tree needs to be planted for 5 years before it reaches the high yield period.

Soil Management of Peach trees

1. Intercropping: young garden, planting vegetables in summer and green manure in winter, which can not only increase orchard income, but also improve soil fertility, non-intercropping in adult garden.

2. Ploughing and weeding in summer

3. In autumn and winter, the soil physical and chemical properties were improved by deep turning and expanding holes and increasing the application of organic fertilizer.

Fertilizer and Water Management of Peach trees

1. Fertilizer and water management of peach trees in the first year after planting: the first year after planting is the key to the growth of peach trees. "light fertilizer" should be applied frequently in fertilizer and water management. From March to June, fertilizer should be applied once every half month for a total of 8 times. the first 6 times were one load of clear fecal water plus 2 diuretics to promote the branching and leaf formation of 4 trees, and the last 2 times were one load of clear fecal water plus 2 dihydrogen phosphate to promote the ripening of branches and shoots and flower bud differentiation.

2. Fertilizer and water management in the second year and after planting: peach trees are more resistant to barren than oranges and apples, but fertilizer should be applied at least three times a year after they are put into production.

3. Fertilization methods: soil fertilization methods include ring fertilizer method, ditch fertilizer method and hole application method, young trees use ring fertilizer method, large area adult trees use groove fertilizer method, and mountain area use hole fertilizer method. Fertilizer holes are usually dug on the tree crown dripping line.

The correct pruning method of Peach Tree

Peach tree pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Generally, the principle of summer pruning and winter pruning should be carried out.

1. Summer pruning

① sprouting and de-sprouting: wipe off the growing buds inside the crown, the competitive buds, twin buds, and overdense buds under the cutting mouth. This is called wiping buds; when the buds grow to 5 cm, breaking off the tender shoots is called de-sprouting, and usually the two branches "go one and stay one." By wiping buds and removing sprouting, we can reduce useless new shoots, improve light conditions, save nutrients, promote the left new shoots to grow healthily, and reduce the amount of winter pruning, which is especially important for young and prosperous trees, but this work is often easily ignored.

②: heart-picking is the removal of a small section of twigs at the top of a growing branch along with the buds. It can stop the growth of shoots, turn nutrients to enrich branches and promote flower bud differentiation. Peach tree coring is an indispensable technical measure in the growing period, the vast majority of branches need to be coring: 50CM is appropriate.

③ twisting: twist upright branches and other vigorous branches by 180 degrees, turning upward growth into downward growth, but not breaking. The main purpose is to weaken the growth potential and promote the growth of overgrown branches to fruit-bearing branches. At the same time, the effect of improving lighting is also achieved. This work is a remedy for incomplete sprouting work, especially for prosperous trees.

④ bracing, pulling and hanging branches: mainly the key measures to open the angle, ease the tree potential, bear fruit early, and prevent the lower part of the trunk from being bare. Brace, pull and hang branches are generally carried out in May.

2. Winter pruning

The pruning of ① young trees is mainly based on long growth, making full use of summer pruning technology, forming as soon as possible, the long branches reserved for fruiting are generally not short cut, leaving more fruit branches, in order to ease the tree potential and improve the fruit setting rate, the extended branches of backbone branches remain 50-70CM short cut. For Tewang trees, we should pay attention to letting them hang more fruit, such as anti-dorsal branches, standing branches, and drooping branches, so as to ease the tree situation and increase the yield of a single tree. Experienced fruit growers often say, "you are not afraid to cut the tree and press the tree with the fruit to be obedient."

Pruning in the full fruit period of ②: at this time, the main branch gradually opened, the tree potential gradually relaxed, the crown was relatively stable, the branch growth decreased, the long branch decreased, the fruiting branch increased, the proportion of short fruit branch increased, the contradiction between growth and fruit intensified, and the inner chamber and lower branches were easy to die. At this time, the amount of pruning is heavier than that of young trees, and the backbone branches should be retracted and renewed, and the combination of thinning and shrinkage should be adopted to remove the weak and retain the strong. If the inner chamber is empty, attention should be paid to the cultivation of regenerated branches from the second side branch to fill the space and increase the fruiting position. as soon as the peach tree enters the full fruit stage, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of new branches from the base. For the mediocre tree, the diseased and weak branches should be thinned, the long branches and the middle fruit branches should be short, the ends of the fruit branches should not be full, the short fruit branches and bouquet-like short fruit branches should be thinned, and the strong fruit branches of about 1 foot should not be cut short.

Pruning of ③ aging period: at this time, there are almost all short fruit branches on the tree, at this time, the backbone branches should be retracted and re-cut, retracted to the 2-3-year-old part, pay attention to cultivate long branches from the large wound, re-form the crown, and achieve the purpose of renewing the crown.

Control of Diseases and insect pests in Peach trees

1. Bird feather moth. Also known as red filariasis, hanging filariasis, harmful to flowers and small fruits. It propagates rapidly from June to July, and in severe cases, it can make all the buds and fruits fall off. The control method can use 90% trichlorfon 800 times liquid, fish rattan essence and other corresponding concentration, spray before flowering, once a few days, every flower 3 times 5 times, only stop when the young fruit turns to droop.

2. Black spot brown leaf moth. Commonly known as heart borer, the larvae eat the flesh into the heart of the fruit, causing the fruit to fall or make the fruit lose its edible value. The method of prevention and control is to pay attention to remove the diseased fruit, remove the deeply buried damaged fruit, trap and kill adults with black light, and spray with 90% trichlorfon.

3. Anthrax. The disease often occurs in the fruit ripening stage in the orchard. During the storage period, the disease is mostly caused by wounds, which is a fungal disease, the damaged fruit has dark brown spots on the surface, the internal tissue of the pulp is rotten and has the smell of wine. The pathogen overwinters in the rotten fruit, spreads through wind and rain, and invades from the wound of the fruit. The main control methods are to clear the garden, remove and bury the diseased fruit deeply, harvest, ship and reduce the mechanical injury of the fruit as far as possible, and spray 150 times Bordeaux solution in the sick garden, once every 10 seconds for 15 days, for 4 times in a row.

4. Red spot. The main damage to the leaves, is a fungal disease, the damaged leaves have very small yellow spots at the beginning, and then expand into disease spots, dark reddish brown in the middle of the disease spots and reddish red edges. Resulting in a large number of fallen leaves, seriously affecting the yield and quality of the fruit. The method of prevention and control is the same as that of anthrax.

After reading the above planting methods of peach trees, do you already have a certain understanding? Peaches have thin skins and are connected to the pulp. Some people don't like peeling when eating them. Therefore, when applying drugs, it is not appropriate to use drugs that are highly toxic or whose efficacy is too long. It is believed that the peach trees planted by everyone will be healthy and luxuriant by using scientific methods reasonably.