Time and method of jujube grafting

Jujube is hung on the jujube tree like grapes, and the clusters of dates are very lovely. As we all know, jujube planting split propagation and grafting two ways, then jujube grafting what points for attention? Let's study the relevant knowledge of jujube grafting together.

Time and method of jujube grafting

There are two grafting methods of jujube: branch grafting and bud grafting, and the best time for branch grafting is before and after the budding period, that is, from April 15 to May 10. The starting period of grafting is when the temperature reaches 13-15 ℃ in spring.

Jujube grafting is mainly branch grafting, branch grafting and split grafting, cutting grafting, ventral grafting, skin grafting and so on. Among them, skin grafting and abdominal grafting are the most widely used grafting methods.

Grafting skills of jujube

At present, grafted jujube generally uses bark grafting, split grafting, ventral grafting and bud grafting.

1. Insert a skin graft.

It is a kind of branch grafting, which is suitable after jujube sprouting. It is used in the period of exuberant sap flow and easy peeling of bark. The grafting method is simple and fast, and the survival rate is higher than other grafting methods. The method is to select the smooth skin of the rootstock to cut off the rootstock, cut a small opening of about 0.5 cm deep into the xylem from top to bottom on one side of the cross section, and peel off the cortex to show a triangular crack. At the place where the lower end of the joint is 2-3 cm away from the lower cross section, it is obliquely cut downward with a knife, the cut plane is horseear-shaped, and the oblique plane exceeds the centroid, and the lower end of the oblique face is cut into a short section 2-3 mm long to form a zigzag acute point, which is easy to insert into the human skin. Insert the cut side of the scion along the xylem into the human skin from the triangular crack of the chopped rootstock (the scion length is closely connected with the xylem of the rootstock), leaving a 1mm section above the cutting surface, commonly known as "white", to facilitate the growth of healing tissue. Then the cut of the rootstock and the binding part with the scion were all wrapped tightly with plastic film, and the grafting was completed. If Jiemu is not treated with wax seal, the secret should be wrapped strictly with a thin plastic film.

2. Splicing.

Is a kind of branch grafting, also known as large grafting, the grafting time can be earlier than bark grafting, when the bark is not easy to peel off but the sap has begun to flow. Grafting of small seedlings or grafting of big trees in the nursery can be used. The method is: grafting the seedlings in the nursery, first cleaning up the weeds and useless roots and seedlings around the seedlings. Cut the rootstock seedlings to the ground, then dig down the soil about 10 cm deep, expose the smooth part of the rhizome, cut the cross section of the rootstock with scissors, and cut the rootstock longitudinally along the center of the cross section of the rootstock. Then quickly cut the scion down from 2-3 cm to the lower end into a double-sided wedge-shaped smooth cutting surface, the upper thickness is thinner, if the scion is thinner than the rootstock, one side of the cutting side is slightly thinner than the other. The main bud is on the thin side, and then quickly insert the cut scion into the split of the rootstock, leaving a 1-2 mm section at the upper end of the cutting surface of the scion, commonly known as "exposed white", so that the cambium on the thicker side of the scion can be aligned with the cambium of the rootstock (for example, the thickness of the rootstock is the same as that of the scion, which can align the cambium on both sides of the rootstock and the scion). Then the split of the rootstock and the joint of the scion are evenly wrapped with plastic film for moisturizing. If the scion is not wax-sealed, use a thin plastic film to fasten the whole secret to prevent water loss.

3. Abdominal junction.

Ventral grafting is also a kind of branch grafting, and the appropriate time for grafting is the same as split grafting. When grafting, cut the rootstock and cut the split obliquely along the cross section of the rootstock, the depth is more than half of the diameter of the rootstock, but not more than 2 prime 3, otherwise it is easy to wind break and form an oblique incision up to the xylem. The cutting method of scion is basically the same as split grafting, but the difference is that the cutting surface of scion should be slightly longer on one side and shorter on the other. When grafting, insert the cut scion into the oblique cut of the rootstock, make the long cutting face inward and the short cutting face outward, so that the cambium of the scion and the rootstock skin are aligned, and other procedures and requirements are the same.

4. Budding.

Budding is generally in the growing season after the formation of the main bud, using the method of grafting of the main bud in the same year, also known as T-shaped bud grafting. If you use a year's scion, you can also carry out bud grafting after sprouting in spring, because it is difficult to take full vascular bundles, so it is generally used with wood bud grafting, also known as embedded bud grafting. The rootstocks that survived before July can be cut off above the grafted buds, and the grafted seedlings can still grow into mature grafted seedlings, and the grafted seedlings will not cut the rootstocks after August, otherwise the grafted seedlings will not survive the winter because of the low degree of Lignification, and then cut the rootstocks before sprouting in the coming spring. T-shaped bud grafting method is: ① seed collection, generally use the jujube head in the current year, cut off the secondary branches on the main bud and leaves on the main bud, retain the petiole, and then wrap it in a wet cloth to moisturize and spare, the seed strips should not be put for a long time at room temperature, should be used with picking, and should be stored in a refrigerated container of about 5 ℃ for a long time. In the smooth part of the rootstock, ② cut a knife horizontally down to the xylem with a bud grafting knife, and then cut a longitudinal notch downward from the middle of the transverse incision to form a T-shaped notch. The buds were cut across to the left and right of 3 mm above the main bud with a sharp bud grafting knife, reaching nearly 1 inch in diameter of the scion, and then cut upward and connected with the upper transverse incision about 1 cm below the bud, and gently squeezed a volume of bud slices by hand. Take out the bud and quickly insert it into the incision of the rootstock, align the transverse incision of the bud with the transverse incision of the rootstock, wrap it tightly with plastic film, expose the main bud and the handle, and complete the bud grafting. If the petiole remains green or falls off at the touch of the petiole 7 days after grafting, the grafted bud has survived, otherwise it will be regrafted.

Management methods of jujube after grafting

The main results are as follows: 1. In order to concentrate nutrients and water for the growth of new shoots, the sprouting of rootstocks below the interface should be removed in time after the survival of grafting.

2. Untie the scion and remove the plastic strip after the interface is healed.

3. If it is a stick, a pole should be set up when the young tree grows to 20-30 cm, and the young tree should be tied to it to prevent the wind from breaking.

Three points should be paid attention to in the management of jujube after grafting; the first is to remove the tillers from the rootstocks below the interface in time to concentrate nutrients and water for the growth of new shoots. The second is to untie the scion and remove the plastic strip in time after the interface is healed. The third is to set up a stick, which should be set up when the young tree grows to 20-30 cm, and the young tree should be tied to it to prevent the wind from breaking.

Grafting methods of Persimmon and Jujube

Grafting persimmon must be fast, short in time and skilled in technology. Therefore, you must be fully prepared to keep the things you use at hand. Because persimmon contains a substance called tannin, this substance is easily oxidized in the air to form a thin film, cutting off the cell communication between the anvil and ear, affecting survival.

There are two grafting methods of persimmon trees: bud grafting and branch grafting.

Above we have learned the relevant knowledge of jujube grafting skills, we must have learned it. There are no shortcuts for grafted jujube trees. Only by following the laws of nature and adopting correct and scientific planting methods can healthy jujube trees be cultivated and sweet and delicious jujube can be received.