Scientific planting technology of plum tree

When it comes to plum trees, I believe many people often see and are very familiar with them, because plum trees are widely distributed in China and are cultivated in many provinces. So do you know the correct cultivation techniques of plum trees? The following editor will explain the cultivation techniques of plum trees in detail.

Scientific planting technology of plum tree

Planting density and method: due to the low fruit setting rate of self-pollination of plums, pollination trees must be considered when planting. The row spacing of planting plants varies according to topography, soil and variety, usually 3-4mx5-6m. Planting period and method:

1. Planting period: autumn planting in the north is prone to frost injury and striping, so spring planting is generally adopted.

2. Planting method: the diameter of the planting hole is about 1 m and the depth is 0.8 m. When digging and planting holes, the topsoil and heart soil must be stacked on both sides of the hole for backup. When planting, put the plum seedlings vertically in the center of the hole, spread all the roots, and then lift the trunk while filling the soil, so that there is no gap between the root system and the soil. The topsoil was filled with 20 cm topsoil at first, then the core soil was mixed with fertilizer and then filled into the hole for 40 cm, and the top 40 cm was fully backfilled with topsoil. After backfilling, the soil around the planting hole was about 20 cm higher, and the seedlings were watered immediately after planting.

Fertilizer and water management of plum trees

1. Fertilization

Base fertilizer: base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer that can supply plum trees with a variety of nutrients for a long time, generally with late-acting farm manure, such as compost, barnyard manure, crop straw, green manure, deciduous leaves and so on. It is better to apply basic fertilizer in autumn, adult plum trees, and each plant should apply 50 kilograms of farm manure.

Topdressing: topdressing before flowering. Ten days before the plum sprouting (early April), the plum tree can be treated with 0.5 ml 1 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer or 25 kg of mature human feces. Topdressing after flowering. Quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied in time to reduce physiological fruit drop. From late May to mid-June, 0.5 kg was applied to the plant. Topdressing during fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation. After the physiological fruit drop to the time when the fruit entered the rapid expansion period (from late June to mid-August), the available N, P and K compound fertilizer was applied, and the plant was applied 0.5-1 kg. Topdressing in the later stage of fruit growth: topdressing during the period from the beginning of fruit coloring to harvest. This time, it is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the foliar spraying of available nitrogen fertilizer is better, and the concentration is 0.2%, combined with spraying.

2. Irrigation

Plum trees need a certain amount of water in all phenological periods of the year. Before sprouting and young fruit expansion, irrigation should be carried out during the growing period of new shoots, and frozen water should be irrigated once before winter. In addition, plum trees are afraid of waterlogging, so plum orchards should repair the drainage system to avoid waterlogging.

Pruning techniques of plum trees in summer

Summer pruning refers to pruning in the growing season, which is generally carried out from mid-June to early July.

1. Pick the heart. The growing point of branches should be removed during the growth period, and the specific time should be determined according to the variety, cultivation conditions and purpose.

2. Twist the tip. The tip of the new shoot is sprained, but it is not broken. Generally valuable overgrown branches can be used to restrain their growth. Twisting should be carried out when the growth length of the new shoot is long enough, and the sprained site should be in the semi-Lignification area.

3. Girdling. When the new shoots nearly stopped growing, the trunk or branches of prosperous trees were peeled in a ring, and the peeling width was about 1 × 10 of the diameter of the strips, and the flower-promoting effect was obvious.

4. Take a branch. Hold the middle and lower part of the branch with your hand and hold it repeatedly, so that the branch tissue is damaged and grows horizontally or obliquely.

The application of each measure of summer pruning should grasp the correct time and implementation object (young trees or prosperous trees that do not bear fruit), and remove overgrown, sprouting and withered branches during summer pruning.

Control methods of diseases and insect pests

1. Dig the orchard deeply in winter and bury the pear-eating bee larvae into the depths. At the flower bud stage, the plum tree killed 4000 times of the liquid with 20%, and killed the unearthed pear bee-eating adult on the soil surface under the crown.

2. After flowering, spray 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000 times to control peach weevil and pear heart borer.

In late May, when it was found that the mulberry scale was dispersed and transferred, the 1000-fold solution of 80% dichlorvos emulsion was sprayed to control aphids.

The adults of red-necked longicorn beetles were captured at noon from June to July, and the trunk hooks were examined to kill the larvae of longicorn beetles.

5. Medium well is the suitable harvest time for fruits harvested for processing, well-done is the appropriate harvest time for raw food, and can be harvested by stages.

6. Fresh fruit supply period. Avoid all mechanical damage when harvesting fruit.

Through the above content, I believe everyone has a deeper understanding of planting plum trees! Plum tree is also a very good fruit tree, which is more tenacious, easy to grow and adaptable than ordinary fruit trees, so pear trees can be seen in many parts of the country.