Grafting time and method of plum tree

Plum trees in our childhood memory is more profound, because grandma's family has its own kind, every year to the plum mature season, a group of our friends will climb trees to pick plums, is the fun of childhood. At first, I was confused that the same kind of tree would produce plums with different tastes, but later I knew it was because they used the technique of grafting.

Grafting time and method of plum tree

Grafting time:

About a week before the spring rootstock germinated, in late March of the Gregorian calendar, plum trees were grafted by single bud abdominal grafting or bark grafting, and the survival rate was higher. In addition, the method of bud grafting with xylem was used in September, and the survival rate was also very high.

Grafting method:

1, rootstock treatment: wild peaches, plums, cherries and other stumps are transplanted and survived, and they can also be cut or sawed as rootstocks according to the tree shape.

2. Scion treatment: fully developed 1-year-old semi-lignified branches with full buds and no insect pests were selected as panicles, with a length of about 7 cm, leaving 5-7 buds as scions, and the collected scions were wrapped in wet cloth.

3. Mode selection: it is generally carried out before the rootstock buds germinate or when the buds begin to germinate without leaf expansion, and the common splitting method is mainly suitable for thicker rootstocks. This method is easy to master, the interface heals quickly and firmly, and the survival rate is high.

4. Grafting method: the rootstock was watered once the day before grafting, and then the cutting surface of the rootstock was flattened with a knife, then a split about 3 cm long was cut with a grafting knife or blade, and the lower end of the picked scion was also cut into a wedge-shaped surface slightly thicker on one side and about 3 cm in length on the other side, leaving only 2 buds. After that, sow the thicker edge of the scion outward and thin into the split, form a layer to align, and wrap it tightly with a wide plastic strip. The upper end of the scion is bound with plastic film to prevent moisture evaporation and insect pests. Such as dry bath, windy weather, you must use a transparent plastic bag, and then put a small cotton ball that absorbs enough water, cover the part above the interface and tie the mouth of the bag tightly.

Management of plum after grafting

Attention should be paid to the management of plum trees after grafting. Generally, shearing anvil germinates earlier than folding anvil. But in summer, the shearing anvil must be cut 3-5 cm away from the grafting bud, leaving a few leaves on the rootstock, and then cut the rootstock 1 cm on the grafted bud after germination. After cutting the rootstock, you should wipe the buds in time, erase all the buds on the rootstock, leaving only the grafting buds. Seedlings should be watered at the later stage. At the end of September, when the grafted buds grew to 70-100 cm, all the grafted buds were coring, and stopped watering to promote the seedlings to grow thicker and mature, so as to improve the overwintering ability of the seedlings.

Suitable conditions for the survival of plum trees

1. Moisture: the plum tree has strong drought resistance, but it is not very resistant to waterlogging, especially when using peach and apricot as rootstock. Therefore, plum trees should be cultivated in the hills, and plum trees planted in the plain should pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. Overcast and rainy seasons and rainy areas are not only easy to cause overgrowth, but also lead to fruit drop and fruit cracking before harvest, so special attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention and cultivation. Ridging cultivation in warm and humid areas can resist both drought and waterlogging, so it should be popularized and applied actively. Different varieties have different requirements for water conditions, such as northern plum is more tolerant to drought and suitable for cultivation under dry conditions, while southern plum is more tolerant to shady and humid conditions and adapted to warm and humid conditions. The selection of varieties should be based on local conditions and be suitable for the land and trees.

2. Soil: plum trees do not have strict requirements on soil conditions, and can grow and develop normally in all types of soil. The pH value of soil is pH 6. 2MUE 7. 4 is suitable.

3. Lighting: plum has no special requirements for light. The fruit requires good light conditions to improve coloring and quality. The flowering weather is sunny, which is beneficial to pollination and fruit setting.

Advantages of plum tree grafting

The main results are as follows: 1. Improve the low temperature tolerance of plants. Because of the well-developed root system and strong stress resistance of rootstocks, the grafted seedlings are obviously tolerant to low temperature.

2. It is helpful to overcome the harm of continuous cropping and greatly reduce the harm of soil salt accumulation and harmful substances.

3. The absorption range and capacity of root system were expanded. The root system of the grafted plant is twice as large as that of the self-rooted seedling, and it can absorb about 30% more nitrogen and potassium and 80% more phosphorus than the self-rooted seedling in the same area, and can utilize the phosphorus in the deep layer of the soil.

4. It is beneficial to increase the output. The grafted seedlings have large thick stems and leaves, which can increase the yield by more than 40%.

Early spring is the best time for plum tree grafting, so we must pay attention to the amount of watering when grafting. After grafting, the interface should be tied tightly, and after a period of time, it should be untied in time to ensure its growth. The grafted plum tree will be beneficial to the increase of plum yield and taste.