Cultivation techniques of peach trees

Peach trees are widely planted in China, and planted in various provinces and cities, and Chinese peach varieties are also very diverse. Therefore, our people can eat many different varieties of fresh and delicious peaches. Many people will ask if it is difficult to grow peach trees? Below, let's introduce how peach trees are planted.

Cultivation techniques of peach trees

1. Planting method: Planting plant spacing is 4 m ×5 m or 3 m ×4 m, planting 500-840 plants per hectare, planting period can be from defoliation to germination, continuous cropping is not allowed, otherwise young trees grow obviously weak, leaves lose green, new roots turn brown and multi-branched, branches flow glue, continuous cropping phenomenon is serious in sandy soil or soil with low fertility, the main reason is that residual roots of previous crops decompose in soil to produce toxic substances such as benzaldehyde and cyanic acid, which inhibit and poison root systems. At the same time, it was also related to the multiplication and accumulation of nematodes in soil under continuous cropping.

2, reasonable fertilization: peach nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium requirements ratio of about 1: 0.5: 1, young trees need to pay attention to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise easy to cause excessive growth, after the full fruit period to increase nitrogen fertilizer, in order to enhance tree vigor.

① Base fertilizer: It is better to apply it in autumn combined with deep ploughing. Early application of base fertilizer can heal the injured roots faster and increase the accumulation of nutrients in the trees before winter. If it must be applied in spring, it should be applied as early as possible, and the land should be applied immediately after thawing. Otherwise, it will exert fertilizer effect after June, causing new shoots to flourish.

2 topdressing: general orchard topdressing 2-3 times a year, more in the early stage, less in the late stage, mainly quick-acting fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer, applied after spring thawing, mainly urea, post-flowering fertilizer, applied after flower drop, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, fruit fertilizer, to promote fruit hypertrophy, improve quality, mainly diammonium fertilizer, post-harvest fertilizer, supplement tree consumption, enrich new shoot tissue and flower bud, increase tree storage nutrition, mainly diammonium fertilizer, apply a small amount of urea.

3. Tree pruning: peach tree is a light-loving fruit tree with weak dryness. Strong growth potential and short life span, germination force and branch force are very strong, easy to occur second to third auxiliary shoots, if not properly pruned, poor results, therefore, shaping or pruning more open tree without central stem.

① Young tree shaping and pruning: Young tree shaping and pruning should make full use of its vigorous growth, germination and strong branching, early maturity buds can form multiple secondary shoots on strong branches, and flower bud formation early, etc., on the one hand to expand the crown, on the other hand to cultivate strong backbone branches.

(2) pruning in full fruit period: the main function of pruning in full fruit period is to adjust the relationship between growth and fruit, keep the tree healthy, cultivate and renew the fruiting branch group, thin out the peripheral over-dense branches, improve the light in the inner bore, prevent the fruit part from moving outward, pruning method is to cut again in the middle and lower part of the tree body or fruiting branch group, leave 3-5 nodes or 1-2 nodes according to the strength of branches, promote the emergence of new shoots, form the next year's fruiting branches, and adopt the three-branch renewal pruning method.

③ pruning in growing season: after bud germination from late April to early May, select a strong shoot at the position where branches need to be kept, and wipe off the rest of the over-dense tender shoots. From early May to early June, when the new shoots grow rapidly to about 30 cm, judge the quality and nature of branches according to growth potential, thickness and position, etc., and thinning out competitive branches, thin branches, dense branches and drooping branches, and thinning out excessive long branches and over-dense branches sprouted inside the crown.

Fertilization Technique of Peach Tree

1. Fertilization before planting: according to the summary of early high-yield technology of peach trees, before garden construction, 5 tons of farm manure mixed with 50kg calcium superphosphate and 30kg potassium sulfate shall be applied to planting holes, and then topsoil shall be filled, and mixed with fertilizer evenly to prepare for planting. When planting, 50kg water plus 1.5kg calcium superphosphate and soil are mixed into mud, and the roots of peach seedlings are soaked in mud, and then planted, which not only improves the survival rate, but also the seedlings grow healthy and lay a good foundation for flowering.

2. Base fertilizer: peach base fertilizer is mainly farm manure. 30-50kg farm manure shall be applied to each mature peach tree, and it shall be combined with deep ploughing and soil improvement. The method of furrow application or circular furrow application shall be adopted. The ditch depth shall be 40-50 cm and the width shall be 50 cm. The ditch length shall be determined by the size of tree body and the amount of fertilizer. After applying farm manure, fill in topsoil, mix topsoil with fertilizer, cover it with subsoil, and compact it slightly. Fertilization after the best combination of irrigation, fertilization period to late autumn or early winter is good, such as early spring fertilizer should be as early as possible. When the soil temperature is stable at 4-5, the peach root system starts to move, the soil temperature rises, the root system activity accelerates, if digging fertilizer ditch does not pay attention to protecting the root system, a large number of roots will affect the absorption capacity of the root system. Generally, the nitrogen fertilizer applied to a peach tree is 0.23-0.45kg, which is equivalent to 0.5- 1kg urea. The application amount of young trees should be reduced, and then increased by 0.056kg every year, which is equivalent to 0.12kg urea, until the nitrogen fertilizer is increased to 0.45kg. 1/2 of nitrogen fertilizer used in the whole growth period is mixed with farm manure as base fertilizer, and the other 1/2 is used as topdressing. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mixed with farm manure as base fertilizer. The application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is based on nitrogen fertilizer, and can be calculated according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 1: 0.6: 1, that is, phosphorus 0.14-0.27kg per plant, equivalent to 16% calcium superphosphate 0.9-1.7kg, potassium 0.23-0.45kg per plant, equivalent to potassium sulfate 0.46-0.9kg. If single element fertilizer is not used with compound fertilizer (it must be ternary compound fertilizer), 1/3 of the dosage is used as base fertilizer and the other 2/3 is used as topdressing.

3. Topdressing: on the basis of applying base fertilizer, 1/2 of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer shall be topdressing. The fertilizer was applied once before flowering and once after physiological fruit drop, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time accounted for 1/4 of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, that is, 0.058-0.112kg nitrogen was applied per plant, equivalent to 0.13-0.25kg urea. Compound fertilizer should also be applied once before flowering and after physiological fruit drop, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is 1/3 of the total amount. Topdressing is a necessary supplement for soil fertilization. Peach trees are sensitive to trace elements and are prone to temporary relative deficiency. Therefore, topdressing is more important. According to the data, spraying 0.2% boric acid solution at the early flowering stage can make the fruit setting rate reach 88.73%. Spraying 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once from late August to early September can reduce the freezing injury index of branches by 12.9% compared with spraying clean water. Application of 0.2%-0.3% calcium nitrate during fruit expansion could increase fruit hardness, reduce the number of softened fruit and fruit skin suture, and improve fruit grade.

Peach tree propagation method

1. Cutting propagation: Spring with hard branch cuttings, plum season with soft branch cuttings, cuttings must grow strong, full, hard branch cutting time in spring mainly, cuttings by about 20 cm oblique shear, in order to prevent disease infection and promote rooting, the lower end of the cuttings had better use fungicide 50% carbendazim 600-1200 times solution, with indolebutyric acid 750-4500 mg/L rapid dip cutting, plant spacing 4 cm ×30 cm, cutting depth for cutting length 2/3 is appropriate.

2. Sowing and breeding: Harvest ripe fruits, pile up and mash, remove pulp, dry and collect pure seedling seeds, then sow in autumn. Soak seeds for 5-7 days before sowing. Autumn sowers germinate early in the next year, with high emergence rate and rapid and strong growth. Sow seeds in the next spring. The seedling seeds need to be stored in wet sand for more than 120 days. Drill sowing is adopted. The strip is 10 cm, the depth is 1-2 cm, and the soil is 6 cm after sowing. The seedlings are 25-30 kg per mu. The seedlings are 3 cm high. The seedlings are fixed and the plant spacing is 20-25 cm.

3. Grafting propagation: The rootstock is mostly the seedling (rootstock) of peach or peach, and the survival rate of branch grafting and bud grafting is relatively high.

① Branching: in March when the bud has begun to sprout, often cut, rootstock with one or two years of seedlings is good.

Bud grafting: in July to August, more with "D" shape grafting, rootstock to a full year of seedlings is good.

Main Pests and Diseases of Peach Tree

1. Myzus persicae: (peach pollen aphid, peach tumor aphid) can occur in spring, summer and autumn, especially in late spring and early summer. When the control standard is reached, endosulfan (Saidan, Shuodan) or pyridine heterocyclic insecticides can be selected, imidacloprid or acetamiprid can be used for timely control, and Lesben can also be used for control.

2. Red spider (spider mite): It occurs more seriously in dry and high temperature seasons, and develops and spreads quickly. It is seriously harmful and difficult to control. Abamectin can be used for timely control. It can also be controlled by cypermethrin (methomyl) and carbosulfan (good winter), and can kill a variety of pests.

3, peach fruit borer: is a drill column pest. The damage caused by the fruit can be treated with chemicals in early May. 50% phoxim or 48% lesiben 500g and 1 times water are used per mu to mix into 25kg poisonous soil, which is scattered into the tree tray. After shallow hoeing, rake and close the soil. 50- 75kg ammonium bicarbonate can also be used per mu. After sowing, the soil is tilled and mixed evenly. The fumigation and corrosion of ammonium bicarbonate can be used to kill most pests, germs and grass seeds in the soil. According to the occurrence of insect pests, spraying in the adult spawning period, using 1800-2000 times of meprolol plus 1000 times of chlorfenuron or 1500 times of lesben plus 4000 times of abamectin for timely control.

4. Mulberry white scale (peach scale insect): adults and nymph cluster to fix branches and suck juice. Hatching begins in early May, the second generation female adult occurs in September, after mating and fertilization, overwinters on the branches. Control measures: 1. Dormancy period control: spray 3-5 Baume degree stone sulfur mixture or 45% stone sulfur mixture crystal 30-50 times solution or 5% diesel oil emulsion once before peach germination to eliminate overwintering female insects on branches. 2, the growth period of chemical control: in the nymph after hatching did not form a scale before timely spraying, is the key to chemical control, but this period is only a few days, must seize, otherwise, once the transformation of the formation of scale, due to waxy protective chemicals are difficult to work. At present, 48% lesben EC 1000-1200 times and 20% carbosulfan EC 1000 times are the best insecticides for controlling white scale.

5. The main diseases of peach trees are bacterial perforation, brown spot perforation, mildew spot perforation, black spot, brown rot and other main diseases. Control measures: 1. Strengthen peach orchard management, strengthen tree vigor, pay attention to drainage, increase organic fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of peach orchard, prune reasonably, cut off diseased branches, remove fallen leaves, dead branches, dead fruits and ground fruit drops, burn them intensively or bury them deeply. 2. Spray 5 Baume's mixture of stone sulfur or 45% stone sulfur mixture crystal 30 times solution or 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture once before peach germination. spray 1500-2000 times solution of allicin or 3000-fold solution of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble pow and 600-800 times solution of raw M-45 wettable powder 10 days aft flower drop, alternately using once every 10 days with 1500 times solution of 12.5% cypromazole or 600 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl, spraying 2-3 times. It can also be sprayed in time at the early stage of disease according to the occurrence of disease to control the disease and reduce the harm.

6. Peach tree gummy disease: It is the common result of tree weakness, malnutrition, insect injury, trauma and bacterial infection. The control method is: increasing organic fertilizer, promoting soil porosity and fertility, reducing ponding, wound and insect injury, smearing disinfectant and nutrient to protect wound, reducing bacterial infection, balancing nutrition, reasonable load and reducing pest damage.

The above content is the relevant knowledge of peach tree cultivation technology, presumably everyone has learned it. In fact, it is not difficult to plant peach trees. It is mainly necessary to adopt scientific and reasonable local methods. Only by carefully cultivating and growing peach trees can healthy and lush peach trees be cultivated. When the peach is ripe, everyone can enjoy delicious food.