Cultivation techniques of eggplant

Eggplant is a very common home-cooked dish, there are many kinds of eggplant, the shape is long, round eggplant, the color is also purple, cyan, white and so on, of which purple is our most common one. Next, let's go with the editor to learn more about the planting and management technology of eggplant.

Cultivation techniques of eggplant

The main results are as follows: 1. The planting plot of eggplant should choose fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. the fields which were used as rice or eggplant crops in the previous three years should be deeply ploughed and sunburned, and the soil should be fine. Combined with soil preparation, 50 kg lime powder per mu was applied to disinfect the soil and adjust the pH. Eggplant has strong fertilizer tolerance and needs a lot of fertilizer. Before transplanting, it is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer (2000 kg per mu of rotten farm manure and 50 kg of compound fertilizer) and plant on the high border. The height of the border is about 30cm, the width of the border is 1.8m, double-row planting, the distance between plants is 45ml 50cm, about 1400 plants per mu. Single-row planting, border width and furrow 1.3m, plant spacing 45cm, about 1000 plants per mu. Sprinkle enough planting water after planting, stop watering after the seedlings survive, and promote the deep root system.

2. Varieties suitable for local climate, good quality, strong disease resistance and marketable should be selected.

3. Seed treatment. The rootstock was sown 2530 days earlier than the scion. 40-50 grams of scion seeds per mu. The scion seeds should be disinfected, scald the seeds with 50 ℃ water, pour water while stirring, keep the seeds in a floating state until the water temperature drops to 30 ℃, remove them, slightly dry and soak them with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes and 15 minutes, then wash them and soak them in 30 ℃ water for 12 hours for 24 hours. Until the seeds are soaked through. In the process of soaking, repeatedly scrub with hands, rub out the mucus on the surface of the seed, soak it out, wrap it with clean gauze and put it under the condition of 25: 30 ℃ to accelerate germination. In the process of accelerating germination, wash it with clean water twice a day, generally 80% of the seed can sprout in 4-5 days, and sow it on the seedbed in time.

4. Sow seeds. Eggplant is sown by sowing. In order to make the sowing seeds evenly distributed on the seedling bed and seedling plate, some fine sand can be mixed into the budding seeds before sowing to make the seeds loose. If sowing seeds are unevenly distributed, bamboo sticks, branches, thin iron bars and so on can be used to poke the denser seeds evenly.

Field management

After the eggplant is planted, it is necessary to loosen the soil early, loosen the soil frequently, topdressing early, raise the soil temperature, loosen the soil, and promote the growth. Eggplant likes fertilizer and is resistant to fertilizer. in addition to raising seedling fertilizer, eggplant is fertilized once at the beginning of hanging fruit, and once heavy fertilizer is applied after the first layer of fruit is harvested, so as to meet the needs of the prosperous fruit period. Eggplant has a large leaf area and needs a lot of water, so it is necessary to keep the soil dry and wet in the early growth stage, and pay attention to drainage in Rain Water's Huangmei season. Eggplant leaves are large and tall, and the transplanted roots are not deep in human soil. in order to prevent soil consolidation, ploughing and soil cultivation should be combined with soil cultivation to prevent plant lodging.

Eggplant can cause flower and fruit drop due to low temperature at night, high temperature during the day, dry soil, lack of light, malnutrition and so on. If the night temperature is lower than 15C before the first ten days of May, in order to prevent the flowers from falling caused by low temperature, the flowers can be treated with 30ppm's 2mem4murD solution, or 40ppm's water-soluble anti-falling element can be used to spray flowers.

In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of eggplant, the side branches below the first flower should be removed. When the first and second fruits of eggplant are harvested, too many basal leaves affect ventilation and light transmission, so some yellow leaves and old leaves should be removed to reduce the disease.

Later stage management

1. The biggest difficulty after planting eggplant is the lack of ground temperature, so it is necessary to strengthen cold prevention and heat preservation in the low temperature season after planting. Keep the room temperature above 30 ℃ 7-10 days after planting, so as to increase the ground temperature, supplement the night temperature and slow down the seedlings as soon as possible. And try to keep the ground temperature stable at 16-18 ℃. After the slow seedling stage, the plant begins to grow normally, and attention should be paid to opening the curtain to see light every day, such as lack of light can easily cause flowers to fall. The eggplant at the back door of slow seedling blossoms and enters the fruiting stage. At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The room temperature should be reduced to 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-17 ℃ at night, which can not only make the eggplant blossom and bear fruit, but also flourish branches and leaves. When the room temperature is more than 25 ℃, start to release air properly, remove excessive moisture in the room, increase the content of carbon dioxide, increase the light intensity, and reduce the falling flowers. Even if it is cloudy, you should stick to the right amount of release, but pay special attention to the volume and time of the release.

2. after the eggplant was watered slowly, the eggplant was no longer watered during the flowering period, until the eggplant generally grew to 3 cm, and then irrigated and fertilized. The amount of fertilizer and water for the first time can be larger, 10-20 kg per mu of ammonium sulfate or 1000 kg of dung. The eggplant was given fertilizer and water for the second time when it began to expand, and then irrigated once in the next 10-15 days. As a result, there was no shortage of water and fertilizer in the middle and later stage.

3. Eggplant is a light-loving crop, but it is difficult to meet the needs of natural light cultivation in solar greenhouse in winter and spring, resulting in overgrowth of plants, short stigma flowers and fruit deformities. Therefore, in addition to cleaning the greenhouse roof every day, it is also necessary to hang a reflective screen to narrow the light gap in the middle and rear of the greenhouse and increase the light intensity.

4. Spraying the leaves of eggplant before blooming and after fruit setting can not only mention the fruit setting rate, but also reduce the plant disease by supplementing the beneficial bacteria of eggplant.

Harvest and retain species

Eggplant harvest standard can see the color of eggplant eyes, if eggplant eyes and peel color is clear, indicating that the fruit is growing, soft tissue, good quality. Eggplant eyes are not obvious that slow growth should be harvested in time. The suitable harvest time is 18-20 days after flowering in warm weather. The high temperature weather from June to August should be harvested in the morning or evening. At noon, the fruit should breathe vigorously when the temperature is high, and it is easy to be withered. Special attention should be paid to the varieties with thin skin and eggplant supplied from other places or long-distance transportation.

The planting of eggplant should be sparse, with more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. In the field management, attention should be paid to picking the heart of the whole plant, standing the pillar to prevent toppling, and the long fruit can be set up with a short bamboo pole to prevent the fruit from coming into contact with the soil. Generally, each plant can leave 2-3 fruits, and when the fruit is yellow-brown, it can be picked and ripe indoors for 7-10 days, so that the seeds and pulp are separated, then cut into several pieces, mash and knead the seeds in water, wash them and dry them on a cloth to avoid the seeds from being exposed to the hot sun.

Through the above content, I believe you have a certain understanding of growing eggplant. Although eggplant is very easy to grow, even many families will grow a lot of eggplant, but how to plant in a large area, we must pay attention to late management and pest control, which is one of the important ways to increase yield.