Scientific and High-yield planting techniques of eggplant

When it comes to eggplant, I believe everyone is very familiar with it, because it is a kind of vegetable that we often eat. The taste of eggplant is very soft, whether fried eggplant, roasted eggplant, boiled eggplant are very popular with foodies. The annual sales of eggplant is also very large, and the planting prospect is very considerable.

Scientific and High-yield planting techniques of eggplant

1. Varieties: select varieties that are tolerant to low temperature, weak light and early maturity. Such as: black jade, Shen GE No. 1, Qi Za GE No. 2, Green Round eggplant, Black Round eggplant No. 2, Yongfeng Black eggplant and so on.

2. Preparation of bed soil: use 6 parts of pollution-free field soil, 2 parts of rotten high-quality chicken manure or pig manure, 2 parts of rotten horse manure or rice chaff, mix well and sift and set aside.

3. Seed soaking and budding: soak the seeds with 1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, after repeated washing, soak the seeds in 55 ℃ water for 15 minutes, and then soak in 20 ℃ water for 24 hours. Rub the mucus off the seed coat with fine sand before budding, then wrap it in a wet cloth and put it at 25-30 ℃ to promote budding. it usually takes 5-6 days to sprout.

4. Sowing: spread 10 cm bed soil with seedling trays or wooden boxes in the greenhouse, pat flat and water thoroughly. Then sow the seeds evenly on the bed. The sowing rate is 35-40 grams per square meter.

5. Split seedlings: transplant seedlings with a row distance of 8-10 cm, and pour water after dividing seedlings. In the early stage, the daytime temperature was increased to 25-30 ℃ and the night temperature was 15-18 ℃. After slowing down the seedlings, the temperature decreased, 25 ℃ in the day and 15 ℃ at night, and the lowest temperature should not be less than 10 ℃. Eggplant seedling age is more than 80 days, because the seedling age is long, easy to de-fertilize in the later stage, 0.3% diammonium phosphate root topdressing can be used.

How to plant eggplant

1. Preparation before planting

Stuffy greenhouse disinfection: per cubic meter greenhouse or greenhouse, use 4 grams of sulfur powder, add 80% dichlorvos 0.1 grams and sawdust 8 grams, mix well and ignite, seal the greenhouse or greenhouse for 24 hours, then open the mouth to release strong wind.

Soil preparation and fertilization: apply 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure per mu, rake the soil evenly, and open a planting ditch with a depth of 10-15 cm according to 55 cm row spacing. Apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and cover 5 cm of soil after fertilization (avoid dripping waterline).

2. Planting: set the seedlings at a distance of 25-30 cm (pay attention to avoid slow seedling caused by broken seedling), then pour enough fixed planting water in the ditch and cultivate the soil to form ridges after infiltration. The next day, the plastic film was covered with 1.0-1.2 meters wide plastic film, buckled two ridges at a time and stretched to the same length as the ridge, then cut a longitudinal mouth in each plant position with a blade, drew the seedlings out of the mouth, and finally tightened the plastic film and sealed the planting mouth with soil pressure.

3. Post-planting management

Water and fertilizer: slow seedling water was watered once 3-4 days after planting, and then began to squat. When the door eggplant stared (about 13 days), dark ditch irrigation began. After the ground temperature reached 18 ℃, both light and dark ditches could be irrigated, but pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification. When the door eggplant stared, apply 10-15 kg urea or 10 kg diammonium phosphate per mu, once every 20 days, with Dizubao 300 times liquid root topdressing.

Pruning and leafing: double trunk pruning. After the door eggplant is formed, cut off two outward side branches, leaving only two upward double stems. Generally to the 7th fruit heart, in order to promote the fruit early ripening. When the door eggplant stared, the three basal leaves were knocked off, and then with the growth of the plant, the bottom leaves were gradually knocked out, which was beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the population.

Pest control management technology

Strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. During the period of high temperature and drought in autumn, eggplant is seriously damaged by tea yellow mites, stem borer, aphids, whitefly, anthracnose, cotton rot and gray mold, resulting in a large number of flowers and fruits and deformities. It is necessary to spray 1000 foliar, thiophanate, 1500 foliar chelate fertilizer mixture, or 1000 fold green kungfu, 800x Redomir, 1000 fold Zhuangfengyou mixture on the leaf surface of 10 to 15 days to control and wet all leaves, buds and fruits evenly. It is appropriate to start dripping water.

Varieties of eggplant

1. Round eggplant: the plant is tall, the fruit is big, round ball, flat ball or oval ball, it is cultivated more in north China.

2. Eggplant: the plant is medium-growing and the fruit is slender and stick-shaped, which is widely cultivated in southern China.

3. Dwarf eggplant: the plant is short, the fruit is small, egg or long egg.

4. Lantern red eggplant: young branches, leaves, pedicels and calyx all have stellate villi. Simple leaves alternate. Obovate or oval, green or purplish green. Flowers bisexual, Corolla connate, apically 5-lobed, lavender or white, calyx persistent, spiny. There are 5 stamens, born in the Corolla tube throat, 1 pistil, superior ovary. The berries are round and purplish red.

5. The cultivation area of eggplant is more than 3 million mu in China and 100000 mu in Guangdong, which is distributed all over the province, especially in Zhanjiang City and other northward transportation bases. The fruit shape of eggplant cultivated in Guangdong is mainly long eggplant, but also oval and round, and the fruit color is mainly purplish red, but also white, cyan and purplish black. In recent years, with the increase of market demand for Beiyun, Beiyun base also likes to grow purple-black, shiny long eggplant, oval eggplant and round eggplant.

As mentioned above, eggplant is a very easy to grow and manage vegetables, almost door-to-door in the countryside will grow vegetables, both nutritious and delicious. Although the eggplant is delicious, it must be cleaned before cooking, because the eggplant skin will be pesticide residue, and the eggplant skin nutrition is also very high, so the cleaning work must be done well.