Scientific planting technology of Toona sinensis

Toona sinensis is called a "vegetable on a tree" because it is a bud that grows on a Chinese toon tree and is usually eaten in spring. Because of the high nutritional value and delicious taste of Toona sinensis, it is deeply loved by everyone, and the market is in short supply. So how can Toona sinensis be planted to increase its yield?

Scientific planting technology of Toona sinensis

1, seed selection: select the new seeds of the year, the seeds should be full, the color is fresh, red and yellow, the kernels are yellow and white, the purity is more than 98%, and the germination rate is more than 40%.

2. Heat preservation and sprouting: in order to promote germination, soak the seeds in warm water of 40 ℃ for about 5 minutes, stirring constantly, then soak the seeds in water of 20 ℃-30 ℃ for 24 hours. After absorbing enough water, remove the seeds, control the excess water, put them on a clean Reed mat, spread them 3cm thick, cover with a clean cloth, moisturize and germinate under the environment of 20 ℃-25 ℃, and during the period of germination. Turn the seeds 1-2 times a day and rinse 2-3 times with 25 ℃ of clean water to control the excess moisture. When 30% of the seeds sprout, they can be sown.

3. Sowing at the right time: select sandy soil and fertile soil with flat terrain, sufficient light and good drainage as seedling land, combined with soil preparation, spread evenly, turn through, trench according to 30 cm row spacing in 1 meter wide border, ditch width 5-6 cm, ditch depth 5 cm, sow the budding seeds evenly and cover 2 cm thick soil.

4. seedling management: seedlings emerge about 7 days after sowing, and watering is strictly controlled before emergence to prevent soil consolidation from affecting seedling emergence. When 4-6 true leaves are unearthed, interseedling and fixed seedlings should be carried out, and seedlings should be watered before fixing seedlings. When the plant distance is 20 cm and the plant height is about 50 cm, the dwarfing treatment of seedlings can be carried out, using 15% paclobutrazol 200-400 times solution, spraying once every 10-15 days, spraying 2-3 times continuously, the overgrowth can be controlled. Promote seedling dwarfing, increase material accumulation, in the treatment of paclobutrazol combined with coring, can increase the number of branches.

5. soil preparation and fertilization: in the cultivation of Toona sinensis in solar greenhouse, we must apply sufficient base fertilizer, not less than 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure per mu, not less than 100kg of superphosphate, 25kg of urea, spread evenly and turn deeply, and then plant seedlings on the whole border, generally 80-100cm wide

6. Planting density: the planting density is about 30,000 plants per mu, plant spacing is 15cm, row spacing is 15cm.

Dwarfing cultivation techniques of Toona sinensis

There are seed seedling, stem cuttage, root cuttage and root tiller propagation.

1. Seed breeding. The seed of Toona sinensis is small, the seed coat is hard, and it has long wings with membrane. direct seeding is not easy to absorb water and it is difficult to germinate. in order to obtain neat seedling emergence, seed germination treatment should be carried out before sowing. The method is:

Soak the seeds in warm water with ①. In the first ten days of March, the seeds were soaked in warm water for one day and night with 30: 40 ℃. After absorbing enough water, the seeds were removed and placed in buns and germinated at the temperature of 20: 25 ℃. The seeds were watered once in the morning and evening and turned evenly, and the seeds could be sown when the seeds were more than 50% white.

Sprouting by ②. Mix the seeds and river sand at 1:2 and sprinkle them with clean water properly. The humidity should be controlled in a ball by hand, and it is appropriate to let go. Put the seeds mixed with sand together in the shape of steamed bread, pour a little water every day, and turn them evenly from time to time. When the seeds are 70% white, they can be sown.

2. Stem cutting. From autumn defoliation to April to May of the following year, 1-2-year-old branches were selected and cut into 20cm cuttings. According to the row spacing of 25 × 15 cm, they were inserted into the whole seedbed.

3. Root cuttings. When transplanting and planting, cut off the overlong main and lateral roots of the plant and cut them into 15~20cm segments. In the whole seedling bed, the roots were planted horizontally in the ditch with a row spacing of 25 cm and a depth of about 7 cm. The roots were planted in the trench with a spacing of 10 cm, and when the seedlings were compacted and watered, the tillers were removed in time, and attention should be paid to mid-ploughing and weeding.

4. Root tiller propagation. The root of Toona sinensis has many adventitious buds. In the natural environment, some young seedlings often sprout around the crown, which can be excavated and transplanted to cultivate new plants. But the natural sprouting is limited, so artificial root cutting and tillering can be used for propagation. The method: after thawing in early spring, before sprouting, there is an outer edge of the crown, dig a ditch of 50 cm to 60 cm, cut off the root end slightly, and fill the ditch with soil, which can stimulate the root tip to form a large number of tillering seedlings, germinate new plants, and can be transplanted the next year.

Seedling stage management

1. After seed sowing and emergence, immediately remove the plastic film in the evening, gently water once, and pay attention to keep the border surface moist.

2. and time seedlings, uniform seedlings, remove overdense and mixed seedlings, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, keep plant spacing 3cm, combine with weeds in the field, topdressing diammonium phosphate 10kg per mu, irrigate once, loosen the soil shallowly, and be careful not to hurt the roots.

3. Seedling transplanting. From late May to early June, the seedlings have 4-6 true leaves, and when they are 8-10 cm high, in order to improve the light and soil nutrition conditions of the seedlings, the seedlings should be transplanted with a distance of 10-15 cm, and grasp the principle of keeping strong and weak, strong and thin. The border surface was watered thoroughly one day before the seedlings, so that the roots of the seedlings were extracted as little as possible. the strong seedlings were transplanted to the whole seedling bed in time according to the row spacing of 25 × 15 cm, and the roots were watered to promote the living trees.

4. After transplanting live trees and cutting and propagating into young plants, fertilizer and water should be applied in time, and weeds should be ploughed and weeded to promote the growth of seedlings. In the later stage, measures such as coring, spraying paclobutrazol or fertilizer and water management were used to control plant height, adjust plant shape, increase nutrient storage of seedlings and promote the formation of full terminal buds.

Growth habits of Toona sinensis

1. Temperature: Toona sinensis is a temperate plant, the suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-25 ℃, the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 15 ℃-25 ℃ during the day and 10-15 ℃ at night, 20-24 ℃ is needed for normal growth in the protected field, and the temperature of 8-20 ℃ can grow normally. The seedlings with strong low temperature tolerance can still be safe in the open field under the low temperature of-20 ℃ in winter. After the middle of October, when the temperature dropped below 10 ℃, the seedlings began to shed leaves and generally dormant for about 4 friends, but in the solar greenhouse, the dormancy period was only 30-60 days, but there were great differences among different varieties.

2. Light: Toona sinensis likes light and is not tolerant to shade, and high yield can be obtained with sufficient light. However, the trunk of Toona sinensis avoid strong light, such as receiving sunlight for a long time, it is easy to produce flat trunk phenomenon and sunburn harm. It's better to get plenty of light from above.

3. Soil: the deep and fertile calcareous soil of Toona sinensis. It can adapt to a wide range of soil acidity and alkalinity and can grow in soil with a pH value of 5.5-8, but it grows best in neutral or weakly alkaline soil.

4. Moisture: Toona sinensis likes to be wet but avoid waterlogging, so the groundwater level of the cultivated land should reach more than 2.5 meters, and the stagnant water should be eliminated in time.

Through the above content, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of Toona sinensis planting. Although Toona sinensis has delicious nutrition and broad planting prospects, it is also necessary to master scientific planting methods and it is impossible to plant them blindly. When eating Chinese toon, you must pay attention to the water of James. Only in this way can you make the Chinese toon more fresh and tender.