A complete Collection of planting techniques of Yam Bean

Yam beans, many people are very confused, what is yam beans? In fact, yam beans are small fruits on the branches and leaves of Chinese yam. The round ones are relatively small, and the smallest is the size of a pea. The edible value of yam beans is very high, which has the effects of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, tonifying lung and relieving cough, prolonging life and so on, so how to grow yam beans?

A complete Collection of planting techniques of Yam Bean

1. Variety selection

At present, the main varieties of yam are fine-haired yam, Ermao yam and Japanese yam. Both fine-haired yam and Ermao yam belong to the variety of common yam. Japanese yam is a variety with strong adaptability, good quality, high yield and promising development.

2. Soil selection and trenching

When planting Chinese yam, we should choose sandy loam or light loam with fertile, loose, convenient drainage and irrigation, avoid saline-alkali and clayey soil, and the soil configuration should be uniform, at least 1.2m soil layer should not contain clay, soil sand and other interlayers. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance and quality of tubers. Trench ploughing should be carried out in winter and spring, according to the same line spacing of 100cm or the size of 60--80cm, and adopt the method of "three turns and one loosen" (that is, three spades of soil, the fourth spade of soil is only loosened). If the depth of the trench is to reach 100--120cm, mechanical planing can be adopted if there are conditions.

3. Planting method

The cultivation of Chinese yam varies due to local climatic conditions, and it is generally required that the ground temperature of the surface 5cm is more than 9 ℃. If possible, plastic film can also be used to cover it. The general method is as follows: after the yam ditch is watered, the seedlings are placed longitudinally in the center of the deep border of the pre-prepared 10cm, the plant distance is about 25cm, and the density is 4000Mel / 667m2, then cover with soil 5cm, and fertilize at the 20cm on both sides of the yam. General application of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer 3000kg/667 square meters, urea 10--15kg/667 square meters, potassium sulfate 40--50kg/667 square meters, calcium superphosphate 60--75kg/667 square meters, mature cottonseed cake 30--40kg/667 square meters, after fertilization, and then covered with soil 5cm, so that it into a small high ridge.

Key points of management after planting

1. Intermediate ploughing

Ploughing can not only preserve soil moisture, but also increase soil temperature and promote the unearthing of yam. After sowing, it should be ploughed once or twice in time, and 2 or 3 times of shallow ploughing should be carried out after being unearthed to prevent the breeding of weeds. When ploughing, the place near the yam should be shallow, and the place far away from the yam should be deep. With the growth of yam, it is advisable to stay away from yam when ploughing.

2. Set up a frame

When the stem of Chinese yam grows to 30 cm long, it is necessary to build a "human" frame, which is 1.5 to 2.0 meters high and should be firm to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. It is necessary to introduce the vine on the shelf in time, generally not to remove the lateral branches, but to remove the aerial stem which is not used for seed, because too many aerial stems will affect the expansion of yam tubers.

3. Watering

When the stem of yam grows to about 1 meter, it is watered for the first time. This watering should not be too early, otherwise it will slow down the root growth. The amount of water should be small and should not be flooded. If the water is watered for the second time after 710 days, the amount of water can be larger. Later watering should keep the soil dry and wet. When the main vine grows to the top of the frame and the bottom of the plant begins to produce lateral branches, keep the soil moist.

4. Topdressing

Generally speaking, the first topdressing is carried out during the second or third watering, and 10 kg of urea is applied every 667 meters. When the yam bean began to expand, the second topdressing was carried out, and 30 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied every 667 m 2. When the yam beans grew up and some yam beans began to fall off, the third topdressing was carried out, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied every 667 meters.

Prevention of diseases and insects

The main diseases of Chinese yam are anthracnose, leaf spot, stem rot and root-knot nematode disease. For anthracnose and leaf spot, 70% mancozeb 600 times solution, 80% anthrax Fumei 500 times solution; 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution is used to irrigate root * stem rot; * for root-knot nematode disease, 30% carbendan can be used, 1 kg per 667 m 2, and mixed into the soil for disinfection before sowing. The main pests are vegetable leaf wasp and golden needle worm, etc. * vegetable leaf wasp is sprayed with 90% phoxim 1000 times, and * phoxim 800 times solution is used to irrigate the root.

Characteristics of Chinese yam bean

While the yam forms tubers in the underground part, there are a lot of surplus seeds in the axils of the aboveground leaves. Yuzi is the metamorphosis of axillary buds, that is, the deformation of lateral branches, known as aboveground tubers, also known as aerial tubers or plant buds, commonly known as yam beans. Yuzi is oval in shape, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.8-2 cm in diameter, brown or dark brown, with a yield of 200-600 kg per 667 square meters.

In general, the residual seeds of Chinese yam grow after the 20th node of the stem, and begin to occur in the axils of the main stem or the top of the lateral branches. In anatomy, Yuzi is called plant bud. Often by the axilla subcutaneous 1-2 layers of cells for peri-division, increase the number of cell layers, in the fifth to sixth section can be seen in the leaf axil bulge. From the longitudinal section, the second and third layer cells under the epidermis continue to divide around the plane and perpendicularly, forming a mass of plant bud primordia of meristem. When the green bud is seen on the outside, the apical bud begins to differentiate inside and the root primordium is formed at the same time. Due to the periclinal division of the cells in the meristematic zone of the plant bud, the number and volume of the cells increased, and the plant bud became a spherical remnant.

Through the above content, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of the cultivation of yam beans. Planting yam beans also planted yam, yam grows underground, while yam beans grow on branches and leaves, so planting yam is really a good planting project with the best of both worlds, and the whole body is full of treasure!