Grafting technique of jujube

Jujube is a kind of fruit tree with a long history of cultivation in China, and it has been planted in many areas. When the jujube is ripe every year, beating dates is also a kind of fun in childhood. Now many people will use grafting technology when planting jujube, and the grafted jujube will have a lot of benefits.

Video of jujube grafting technology

Skin grafting is a kind of branch grafting, which is suitable after jujube sprouting. It is used in the period of exuberant sap flow and easy peeling of bark. The grafting method is simple and fast, and the survival rate is higher than other grafting methods.

The method is to select the smooth skin of the rootstock to cut off the rootstock, cut a small opening of about 0.5 cm deep into the xylem from top to bottom on one side of the cross section, and peel off the cortex to show a triangular crack. At the place where the lower end of the joint is 2-3 cm away from the lower cross section, it is obliquely cut downward with a knife, the cut plane is horseear-shaped, and the oblique plane exceeds the centroid, and the lower end of the oblique face is cut into a short section 2-3 mm long to form a zigzag acute point, which is easy to insert into the human skin. The cut side of the scion is inserted into the human skin from the triangular crack of the chopped rootstock (the scion length is closely connected with the xylem of the rootstock), and a 1 mm cut is left on the cutting surface, commonly known as "white", to facilitate the growth of healing tissue, and then the cut of the rootstock and the combination part with the scion are all wrapped tightly with plastic film, so that the grafting is completed. If Jiemu is not treated with wax seal, the secret should be wrapped strictly with a thin plastic film.

Advantages of jujube grafting

The main results are as follows: 1. The excellent characters of scion varieties can be maintained. This is because the scion is taken from the branches or buds of a fine adult tree. The heredity is relatively stable, and there is generally no variation after grafting. The result of grafting is similar to that of root fruit, the size of the fruit is small, and the content of the fruit has little difference.

2. It can bear fruit early. Because the root system of the rootstock is developed, the growth is exuberant after grafting, and the branches are strong. This can turn slow growth into fast growth.

3. It can enhance the stress resistance of jujube. Because the grafted rootstock sour jujube has strong drought resistance, barren resistance and wide adaptability to soil, if we use the root tillers or seeds of jujube or jujube grown locally on this rootstock. It has fully adapted to the local soil and climatic conditions, and the valuable adaptability and stress resistance of this rootstock have a good effect on the grafted jujube.

4. Make full use of sour jujube resources, there are sour jujube growing in mountain areas and plains of our country. Grafting jujube with sour jujube is an effective way to speed up the greening of barren mountains, barren beaches, hills and gully slopes, and to expand the planting range of jujube trees.

Techniques of protecting Flower and Fruit after grafting of Jujube

1. To restrain vegetative growth, adjust the contradiction between growth and fruit, and promote fruit setting, such measures include root cutting, coring, sprouting, branch thinning, nail opening, ring cutting, cutting, fertilizer and water management, and so on. it can regulate the contradiction between nutrient distribution and operation between tree vegetative growth and flowering and fruit, improve tree nutrition level, and make more nutrients needed for flowers and fruits.

2. Spraying water at flowering stage can increase the air humidity, and the air humidity during flowering period is not less than 60% to 70%, otherwise it will be affected. The effect of spraying water in the evening or morning is good, generally combined with foliar fertilizer spraying 0.3% 0.5% urea.

3. Release bees in jujube orchard and increase pollination medium. some jujube varieties are self-pollination and some are cross-pollination. Intra-variety pollination or inter-variety pollination can set fruit well, and the effect of increasing pollination media is good.

4. Spraying plant hormones and trace elements, mainly gibberellin, 2.4 Mel D, paclobutrazol, dwarf, B9, indolebutyric acid, indole acetic acid, acetic acid, borax, boric acid and so on.

Fertilization skills of jujube after grafting

1. Apply base fertilizer in autumn. It is best to apply base fertilizer before harvest, which is beneficial to accumulate a large amount of storage nutrition and lay the foundation for high yield in the following year. The base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, and some available fertilizers can be applied properly.

2. Topdressing before budding. It usually takes place in the first ten days of April of the following year. More attention should be paid to the application of sprout fertilizer in jujube orchards without base fertilizer in autumn.

3. Topdressing at flowering stage. Jujube flower bud differentiation has the characteristics of differentiation in the same year, multiple differentiation, differentiation with growth, short differentiation time and large number of differentiation. Therefore, a large number of jujube flowers, long florescence, to consume a lot of nutrition. If the nutrition can not keep up, it will inevitably lead to serious flower and fruit drop, which can be reduced by topdressing at flowering stage. Topdressing at flowering stage can be applied either by soil or by foliar spraying. The effect of increasing fruit setting rate is better.

4. Help fruit fertilizer. Fertilizer is usually topdressing in the middle of July, when the young fruit is growing vigorously. This topdressing is directly related to the yield and quality of jujube. The best fruit fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, which can be applied in soil or foliar spray. In the full fruit stage, the yield of jujube is the highest and the amount of fertilizer required is also the largest. In the full fruit period, each jujube tree must apply 100 kg organic fertilizer, 1 kg available nitrogen fertilizer, 2.5 kg calcium superphosphate and 2.5 kg plant ash.

There are many grafting techniques for jujube trees, and different ways to deal with them are different. The grafted jujube has the advantages of early fruiting and enhanced stress resistance. Field management after grafting is also very important, timely fertilization, irrigation, pruning branches to increase the fruit rate of jujube.