Planting techniques of rapeseed

Rape is a kind of vegetable that has sprung up in recent years. When it comes to oil wheat, some people must think that it is the tender leaf of lettuce, but it is not. Although rape looks like lettuce, it belongs to the large category of lettuce. With the increasing demand for rape in the market, the number of people growing rape is also increasing.

Planting techniques of rapeseed

I. Variety characteristics

Plant height 30~40cm, development degree 20~30cm, leaf lanceolate, long 40cm about, wide 6~10cm, green, smooth leaf surface, cold and heat resistance, bolting resistance, strong adaptability, can be cultivated in open field and protected field all the year round, the seed consumption per mu is 30g / mu.

Second, sowing seeds at the right time

Rape is heat-resistant, cold-resistant and adaptable. it can be harvested in spring and autumn, harvested before planting New Year's Day in early autumn, as well as greenhouse production in winter. General greenhouse production, in order to raise strong seedlings before the arrival of winter, that is, the seedling stage to avoid the cold winter season in January. Spring seeds can be raised in late January, summer seeds can be sown in early April, and autumn seeds can be sown in late August.

3. Sowing and raising seedlings

It is required to select fresh and full seeds, and do a good job before sowing, turn the seeds into the sun and accelerate germination, the amount of seeds sown per mu is 0.1kg to 0.12kg.

After sowing, cover the seeds with young soil, the thickness of the young soil layer is about 1 cm, and sprinkle with water to moisturize. 3-10 days after sowing, the seedlings are unearthed. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings should be carried out in sunny and warm weather, and the seedlings should be drenched in time to protect the seedlings.

IV. Land preparation

The selection of seedling land requires sandy loam with loose soil, good air permeability, water conservation and fertilizer conservation. After the seedling land is bleached by loosening the soil, press 1.2 to 1.5 meters Bao Keng to set up the land, the border is 25 centimeters high, and the soil on the border surface is required to be fine and uniform. The seedling field should apply sufficient base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mainly rotten organic fertilizer, and the base fertilizer can be sown when it is fully mixed with the soil of the seedling field.

5. Transplanting seedlings

In the field of planting rape and wheat, it is necessary to choose sandy loam soil with convenient drainage and irrigation and neutral or slightly acidic soil pH. The field is ploughed and raked for soil preparation after applying enough basic fertilizer. The width of the border is 1.5 meters (Baokeng). After the border is raised, it is planted horizontally, with a size of 3 × 4 inch. When the seedlings grow to 4 × 5 true leaves, they can be transferred and planted, planting 3500 to 4000 plants per mu. Drench the root water after transplantation.

VI. Field management

Rape is generally cultivated in flat beds, with sufficient base fertilizer before planting, 5000 kg of high-quality rotten barnyard manure, 40 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of potassium sulfate or 200 kg of plant ash. Watering planting water well during planting, watering enough slow seedling water after 1 week, watering after slow seedling, flushing and extracting seedling fertilizer (15 kg urea per 667 square meters), and re-applying promoting plant fertilizer (30 kg urea per 667 square meters). After planting slow seedlings, ploughing and deep hoeing in time is beneficial to squatting seedlings and promote root development. Keep the field moist and the soil loose throughout the growth and development period.

7. Timely harvest

The harvest of rape should be timely, when growing to 10-12 leaves is the most suitable harvest time, at this time harvest, the quality is the best.

Growth habits of Brassica napus

The condition of rape seed germination is not high, generally, it can germinate smoothly when the temperature is above 4 ℃. If the temperature is between 15-20 ℃, it only takes 3-4 days for rape seeds to germinate. If the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, rape seeds will not germinate. The most suitable temperature for rape seedling stage is 12-20 ℃. If the temperature exceeds 24 ℃ during the day and 19 ℃ at night, it is easy to cause immature bolting of rape.

Water and Fertilizer Management of rape and Wheat

I. Water management

Rape should be watered in time after transplanting, and then slow seedling water should be watered once after about 3-5 days according to the actual weather. In the early stage of rape growth, because there is no row closure, the field soil is exposed, and the water is lost quickly, so it is necessary to replenish water in time to prevent drought. In the peak period of rape growth, due to the increase of leaves and the increase of leaf area, the field water evaporation increased. In order to ensure the normal growth of rape, sufficient water should be provided. Generally, watering should be carried out once a day, and watering should be carried out in the morning or evening. If the weather is too dry, it can be watered once in the morning and evening. Watering can not be carried out by means of flooding, and there can be no stagnant water in the field.

II. Fertilization management

Rape planting about 10 days can be appropriate topdressing, fertilization should be diligent and fast, fertilization concentration should not be too high, rotten manure and urine water is the best. On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied with water, 2-3 times, 5-10 kg per mu. At the same time, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once about 10 days after planting, and can be sprayed with a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea. Foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 3 times 4 times during the whole growing period, once every 7 to 10 days. It is best not to water and fertilize about 5 days before harvest, which can make the plant not too tender, reduce the plant water content and improve the quality.

Control methods of diseases and insect pests in rape

For downy mildew of rapeseed, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 58% dimethyclovir-manganese zinc 50g water 20kg and 70% ethyl manganese (hexanomanganese zinc) 50g mixed with water 15kg are used alternately for better prevention effect; for Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and brown spot, 50% Sclerotinyl powder 50g is sprayed with 40-50kg water for rape downy mildew, and the dosage can be increased as appropriate when the disease is serious. The spraying time should be 3: 00 p. M. on a sunny day or when the leaves turn sunny after rain without dew.

The quality of oilseed rape is very important whether it is for your own consumption or sold to a wider market, so the care of rapeseed in the planting process is crucial. To plant rapeseed, we should not only grasp the opportunity of planting, but also do a good job in the management of water and fertilizer, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and so on.