Cultivation techniques of broccoli

Broccoli is one of the most common vegetables, although it is common, but its nutritional value is very rich. It is not only beautiful, but also effective in anti-cancer and anti-cancer. It is the first of the same kind of vegetables. So how to grow broccoli? Let's take everyone to know about it.

Cultivation techniques of broccoli

1. Parcel selection

The land with loose and fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage was selected for cultivation. If it was cultivated in the greenhouse in early spring, the greenhouse should be kept warm two weeks in advance.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Before planting, each mu of land should be sprinkled with 2 tons of fully mature organic fertilizer, 30kg of compound fertilizer, plus 2 jin of boron fertilizer, fully rotary tillage, with a depth of 20 cm.

3. Planting requirements

When transplanting, make a small high ridge, the width of the ridge is about 80 cm, the ridge and furrow is 30 cm, each ridge has two rows, the distance between planting plants is 40-50 cm, and about 2300-2700 plants per mu. Mechanical transplanting is used as far as possible when transplanting. The hanging basket transplanter now implemented in Beijing can adjust the row spacing of plants according to the needs of users, and integrates ridging, film mulching, installation of drip irrigation, watering, topdressing and planting seedlings. Each machine is operated by 4 workers, 1 driver, 2 seedlings, 1 follow the machine to check the seedling quality, and can plant 3 mu of land per hour, which greatly improves the work efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.

Sowing time of broccoli

The planting time of broccoli usually begins to sow in autumn, grows in winter, goes on the table normally after the Spring Festival, blossoms in spring to seed maturity in April and May, and seedlings in summer and autumn are raised in the high temperature season from August to October, when the temperature is generally above 25 ℃, sometimes 30-35 ℃, coupled with the harm of rainstorm and hail, so shade net is used to raise seedlings in the open field, and the seedling age is generally 35-40 days. Sowing or direct hole planting can be used, the average seedling stage is about 30 days, from planting to harvest 80-90 days, the winter is slightly stronger, the seedling stem diameter 10 mm can accept the effect of low temperature to complete the vernalization process.

Field management

1. Water management

After transplanting, we must water the slow seedlings, water them according to the weather conditions, keep dry and wet within two weeks after planting, promote hairy roots, keep the field moist and adjust fertilizer with water after two weeks. In the early stage of rosette stage, sufficient water is required to meet the needs of rapid plant growth and development. When plants grow in clusters, watering should be properly controlled to promote root development. During the period of flower ball formation, the soil in the field should be kept moist, sufficient water supply should be needed in the period of flower ball expansion, and appropriate amount of water should be watered in the harvest period to prevent diseases and mildew caused by excessive humidity.

2. Fertilizer management

After the slow seedling of the plant (about 2 weeks after planting), it is necessary to apply seedling fertilizer, 40 jin of ammonium bicarbonate or 20 jin of urea per mu, and watering after hole application. When the plant entered the rapid growth period, urea was applied twice for 25 kg per mu to ensure sufficient leaf area. After the plant budding, in order to promote the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is beneficial to the formation of flower heads, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and boron-calcium fertilizer. Heavy fertilizer should be applied once or twice in the period of flower bulb formation, compound fertilizer or urea 15kg / mu and potassium sulfate 15kg / mu. In order to prevent yellow flowers and stem holes on the surface of the bulb, 0.5% borax and 0.5%dj ammonium molybdate solution was sprayed on the leaf surface every other week for 2 times in a row. After some varieties are harvested in the harvest period, 30 jin of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu to promote the growth of lateral flower heads, so as to harvest lateral flower heads and increase economic benefits.

3. Field management

Planting with black plastic film in spring can better prevent the growth of weeds, and properly seal the ear and cultivate the soil after transplanting to promote root growth. Planting in autumn because of the hot weather, generally do not use plastic film mulching, in a week after planting, manual weeding or machine weeding once, eliminate weeds and increase soil permeability. In the future, according to the situation of weeds, ploughing and weeding will be carried out for 2 or 3 times.

Pest control

The main pests of broccoli are cabbage, aphids, Plutella xylostella and so on. BT1000 + organosilicon 5000 times can play a good control effect after retarding seedlings. In the early stage of the pest, 1000 times of cypermethrin, 1500 times of imidacloprid, 1500 times of methamidone and 1500 times of diflubenzuron were used for 3 times, and silicone was added as adhesive to increase the efficacy. The disease is mainly used to control downy mildew, soft rot, Sclerotinia, etc. 64% alum 800 times, agricultural streptomycin 3000 times, Kelu 1000 times, chlorothalonil 800 times can be mixed or used alternately.

The above is the broccoli cultivation methods summarized by the editor. I hope it will be of some help to you. Broccoli is nutritious and delicious, not only stir-fried but also cold, suitable for men and women, young and old. Growing broccoli has a broad prospect and may lead you to the road to wealth.