Scientific planting Technology of Potato

Potato, also known as potato, potato, etc., is one of our home-cooked dishes, the eating rate is very high. The nutritional value of potato is also very high, it is one of the five staple foods in China, and the potato has high yield and strong adaptability, so it is one of the better foodstuffs to grow.

Scientific planting Technology of Potato

1. Cut into pieces to promote budding. 20 days before sowing, the germination began at about the beginning of March. When potatoes are cut into pieces, each piece has at least one sprout eye. 10 yuan and 15 yuan per jin is suitable. After cutting, the seeds were soaked in water for sterilization and disinfection with small ash dry mixture or carbendazim powder 1: 200 times. After the seed block is dried, there are two methods: one is to promote germination with sand in the corner above 15 ℃ at room temperature, and the other is to dig a pit in the east-west direction of outdoor ventilation and sunrise, with a depth of about 25 cm, one layer of sand and one layer of seed block, three layers are appropriate, and then covered with arch shed film and covered with grass curtain at night. The above two methods should be sprinkled for 1 or 2 times during budding to prevent drying. When the bud grows to 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm long, it begins to sow seeds.

2. Soil preparation and trenching. Look at the soil moisture before planting, if the soil moisture is not good, you can consider irrigation ditch to create soil moisture, during the period of soil moisture should be 7-10 days before planting. Potato planting is generally double-ditch planting, ditching can use a large row of 50 cm, a small row of 40 cm.

3. Sowing and covering the film. The Spring Equinox to Qingming Festival is the best period, what should be specially pointed out here is that virus-free potatoes can be sowed in advance, finished before the Spring Equinox, and the plant distance can be controlled at 20 cm. Before sowing, 10 000 times of water was sprayed with caprylic sulfuric acid to prevent underground pests. Organic fertilizer can be sprinkled directly into the ditch or during soil preparation; chemical fertilizer can be put into the ditch or scattered between the seed blocks (be careful not to come into direct contact with the seed block). When sowing, there are two ways to put the seed block into the ditch: one is to put the seed bud down, the potato root grows strong, the potato root is small, but the potato block is large, but the seedling is 2-3 days late; the other method is to plant bud up, the potato root is relatively short, the potato is small but more, and the seedling is 2-3 days earlier. After the end of the planting, take soil from both sides of the big row to cover the space of the potato ditch and the small line, and add microfilm to cover and compact strictly.

How to fertilize potatoes

The fertilization of potato is generally based on the principle of "giving priority to organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, heavy application of base fertilizer and early application of topdressing". Because organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, it is beneficial to fertilize and loosen soil, improve soil fertility, and is more conducive to potato tuber expansion and root growth. During the period of potato growth, the most need for water and fertilizer is the flowering stage, which is not only the season of rising temperature and rainfall, but also the stage of organic fertilizer gradually maturing, decomposing and releasing nutrients. At this time, the transformation benefit of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in base fertilizer expanded continuously, which met the nutrient demand of potato during the growth period and promoted the plant growth and development. This is the purpose of re-applying base fertilizer.

There are two main points in re-applying base fertilizer: first, high-quality organic fertilizer should be given priority to in fertilization; second, we should insist on the combined application of organic fertilizer and three-element chemical fertilizer, in which the amount of three-element chemical fertilizer should be 2cm 3 of the amount used in the whole growth period as base fertilizer, leaving 1ram 3 as topdressing. The basic fertilizer application rate of 1500-2000 kg of potato per 667m2 is: 2000-3500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 12 kg of urea, 30 kg of calcium superphosphate, 150,200kg of plant ash or 10kg of potassium chloride. The above-mentioned fertilizers and organic fertilizers were evenly mixed together and applied as base fertilizer in the soil layer below 10 cm, which could loosen the tuber layer and facilitate the absorption of potato roots.

Pest control

1. Ring rot: ring rot does great damage to the growth of potatoes, such as a large area of disease will lead to reduced production or no harvest, so it is necessary to cut off the ring rot from the source, choose disease-free seed potatoes, and pay attention to disinfecting knives when cutting pieces to avoid cross-infection.

2. Virus disease: virus disease is an infectious virus, which can be prevented by spraying 300 times solution of Kangdufeng (0.5% mushroom proteoglycan water agent) or 500 times solution of 20% virus A wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease.

3. Ladybugs: ladybugs can be sprayed with 1000 times of 80% trichlorfon WP or 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC, 2.5% dichlorvos EC, 10% cypermethrin EC and 3000 times of cypermethrin EC every 10 days.

4. Underground pests: mole cricket, grubs, tigers and other underground pests, using 3% methamidophos granules 2kg per mu, according to the proportion of medicine and soil at 1:10, the poisonous soil is evenly scattered on the soil surface and applied during soil preparation.

Harvest

When the growth of potato plants stops and most of the stems and leaves are withered and yellow, the tubers are easily separated from the stolons, the periderm hardens, the specific gravity increases, and the dry matter content reaches the maximum, that is, the optimum harvest time for edible tubers. The use of tubers should be harvested 7 days in advance, in order to reduce the adverse effects of high temperature in the later growth stage and improve the species.

The above is the potato planting technology summarized by the editor. I hope it can help you. Although potatoes are easy to grow, they should not be planted blindly. We should learn to plant them scientifically. Only in this way can we better improve the quality and output of potatoes. The output of potatoes is high, the profits are relatively considerable, and the prospect of planting is still relatively broad.