Planting and cultivation techniques of beans

Bean is a kind of variety which likes temperature and is not tolerant to cold. It has been planted for a long time in China, and it is widely distributed in our country at present. It is deeply loved by consumers because of its good taste and high nutritional value. So many people want to increase some economic benefits by growing beans.

Planting and cultivation techniques of beans

1. Variety selection: the widely cultivated variety of bean is cowpea 28-2, which can be used for plastic film mulching cultivation in spring.

2. Sowing date: the suitable lower limit temperature for sowing bean is 14 ℃, and the sowing temperature should be 4 ℃ before and after frost breaking.

3. Reasonable close planting: cowpea in early spring is encouraged to raise seedlings and transplant because of its low temperature and more Rain Water. After the seedlings are unearthed, the first pair of true leaves should be planted before they are unfolded, and the principles of planting small and dry should be grasped. Two plants were planted in each hole when planting. Cowpea in summer and autumn mostly used direct seeding. The sowing amount of cowpea in each hole was as little as 3-4 grains, and as many as 4-5 seeds. After emergence, there were up to 2 plants in each hole. The sowing density is 0.81m between rows and 0.26mm between plants.

The growing environment of beans

1. Temperature. Beans are resistant to high temperature and not resistant to frost. The optimum temperature for germination was 25-35 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth and development was 20-25 ℃, which was higher than 35 ℃ or lower than 15 ℃. When the plant is close to 0 ℃, the plant will be damaged by freezing.

2. Light. Beans are not sensitive to the length of sunshine, and only a few varieties are strict with the length of sunshine, so they are suitable for growing in short-day season. Generally speaking, short-day exposure can accelerate growth and development and mature earlier. Beans like the sun, during flowering and podding, if there is not enough light, it will cause flowers and pods to fall.

3. Moisture. Beans are vegetables that consume medium amount of water and have strong drought resistance. Too much soil moisture can easily lead to the decrease of germination rate, rotting roots, dead seedlings and falling flowers and pods, which is not conducive to the activity of rhizobium. Insufficient soil moisture will inhibit growth and development and affect yield.

4. Soil. It is most ideal to grow beans in a loose and fertile soil with good drainage. The most suitable soil pH is PH6.2~7. Beans require comprehensive fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As the rhizobia of beans are far inferior to other legume plants, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied appropriately. At the same time, the application of appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer can promote the activity of rhizobium and increase the yield.

Fertilizer and Water Technology of Bean

The main results are as follows: 1. The root system of reasonably watered legume vegetables is very sensitive to water and likes to grow in moist soil, but water flooding is especially avoided. Especially at flowering stage, stagnant water in the field will cause pollen reduction, affect pollination and pod formation. Too long time of soil water accumulation is easy to cause flower drop and pod drop. When watering, small water should be watered, not flooding. Strictly control the amount of watering at the seedling stage, no or less watering after pouring through the bottom water and slow seedling water, at this time, the soil water content will affect flowering and pod. After the first inflorescence sits, increase the amount of water to promote the growth of pods. After entering the full pod stage, reduce watering to prevent falling flowers and pods.

2. In order to improve root activity, rooting fertilizer should be applied mainly with alginic acid, chitin and humic acid fertilizer in low temperature season to promote capillary root growth. To reduce the application of compound fertilizer as much as possible, water-soluble fertilizer can be used instead of compound fertilizer.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of beans

Beans are mainly coal mildew, rust, aphids, cowpea pod borer and other diseases and insect pests. Coal mildew can be prevented and treated with 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease. Rust can be sprayed with 1000 times of the wettable powder, once every 7 days, 2 times for 3 times. Aphids can be controlled with 10% chrysanthemum and horse EC 1500 times or 10% imidacloprid 2000 times. Cowpea pod borer can use 50% phoxim 1000 times solution, or 21% kill 4000 times solution, once every 7-10 days, the solution is evenly sprayed on leaves and flower buds.

The first step in the cultivation of beans is to choose the varieties they need, then sow money on fertile land, and then plant them at the right time. In the later stage, we should also strengthen the field management work, especially the fertilizer and water work should be done in place. Only when this series of things are done well, the growing vegetables of beans will be good, and the output will increase.