Cultivation techniques of Cucumber in early Spring

Early spring cucumber is actually the cucumber harvested in winter and spring, which is generally planted in the greenhouse and becomes one of the most important products in the greenhouse. With the promotion of greenhouse dishes, we are not limited to what to eat in a certain season, but eat all the year round. So how to plant cucumbers in early spring?

Cultivation techniques of Cucumber in early Spring

1. Seed selection: mainly hybrid cucumber varieties suitable for local cultivation, which are required to be resistant to low temperature, strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, early maturity, high yield and high quality.

2. Raising seedlings: select full seeds, soak the seeds in warm water of about 40 degrees for half an hour, then use 50% carbendazim and 50% methyl thiophanate 10 ml each, add 2 kg of water, soak the seeds for 20 minutes and wash them with clean water; dry before sowing. The seed consumption per mu is 0.1 kg, and the sowing time is from mid-late January to mid-February. Select the land that has not planted melon crops in recent years as the seedbed, level the bed soil, pour enough bottom water, and sow seeds 24 hours later. Sow seeds 0.2 kg per square meter of bed and cover soil with a thickness of 2 cm. Keep the soil moist in the early stage, generally spray a small amount of water once a week, but not too wet, and control moisture during seedling refining in the later stage. When 3 true leaves were sprayed with 150 × 300 mg / kg ethephon, the differentiation of female flowers was promoted and the internodes were shortened.

3. Soil preparation: select loose and fertile plots that have not planted melon crops in 2 years for fine soil preparation. 5000 kg of soil fertilizer, 100kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. About a week before transplanting, the soil was used as a bed, with a width of 1 meter, a ditch depth of 20 cm and a width of 50 cm.

4. Planting: it was carried out in the first and middle of March, and it was planted in sunny afternoon. There are 2 rows in each border, 2 plants in each hole, and the distance between holes is 40 cm. 5000 plants were planted per mu.

Seedling stage management

The management of spring cucumber seedlings mainly includes temperature, humidity, light regulation and so on.

1. Temperature

During the seedling raising period, it is the low temperature season, so the temperature should be managed according to the different stages of the seedlings.

Temperature management in the seedling stage should pay attention to two key periods: one is to sow to 60% of 70% of the seedlings, which requires about 28 ℃. Mastering a higher temperature is helpful to promote seedling emergence and reduce nutrient consumption; second, cotyledons are fully extended to true leaves, and the lower temperature should be controlled to control the excessive elongation of hypocotyls to form overgrowth and prevent the occurrence of quenching disease. We should also pay attention to the seedling exercise in the later stage of seedling cultivation, improve the cold resistance of seedlings and adapt to the environmental conditions after planting.

In addition, attention should be paid to the change of the ground temperature of the seedling bed, because the ground temperature during the seedling period is closely related to the germination of cucumber seeds and the growth and development of seedlings. The suitable soil temperature of cucumber seedlings was 25 ℃ in daytime and 20 ℃ at night before emergence, 22 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night after emergence. In the process of raising seedlings, the ground temperature is affected by air temperature. when the lowest air temperature in the seedling bed is 10 ℃, the ground temperature of 10 cm can be maintained above 12 ℃, so it is necessary to adopt soil heating measures to keep the suitable ground temperature for cucumber seedlings, such as electric hot wire heating, brewing heat heating, hot Kang heating and so on.

2. Lighting

Raising seedlings in winter and spring is in the season of short-day sunshine and weak light intensity, and the formation of photosynthetic products is less prone to weak seedlings. Therefore, we should strive for light as far as possible, uncover the "late cover" as early as possible under the condition that the seedlings are not frozen, increase the lighting time, keep the film clean and increase the transmittance, and expose more scattered light under permissible conditions on cloudy days. Snow should be swept away after the snow.

Field management

1. Fertilizer and water management cucumber grows fast, and fertilizer and water supply should be timely. The fertilization method adopts the principle of "applying thin fertilizer frequently" and "a small amount of food". It is generally harvested twice and topdressing once. Keep the soil moist throughout the growing period. After entering the full melon period, water should be irrigated every 1-2 weeks according to the soil water content.

2. The temperature was controlled to close the shed for about 7 days to promote the survival of seedlings. Keep the temperature in the shed for a long time, 20-25 degrees during the day and 15-18 degrees at night. Sunny days due to the rise in temperature should be opened greenhouse film ventilation, rainy days closed shed heat preservation, to late April, the temperature is stable above 15 degrees, the film can be removed. Strengthen ventilation and promote the growth of seedlings. When the vine is 30 centimeters long, it begins to set up and draw the vine.

3. When cucumber blossoms in greenhouse with hormone, because of low temperature and less insect activity, it is necessary to use fruit protectant or 920 spray to protect fruit, or artificial pollination can be used to improve the early fruit setting rate.

4. Disease and pest control mainly includes downy mildew, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew and so on. From the seedling stage, Bordeaux solution was sprayed every 2 weeks, after irrigation, and fungicides were sprayed every 7-10 days. Insect pests include aphids, etc., and can be controlled by high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides.

Harvest

Spring cucumbers in the open field generally begin to collect melons about 25-30 days after planting, and the harvest time is about 40-60 days. The average yield per mu is 3,500 to 4,500 kilograms. The melon should be picked at the right time, when the top of the melon strip changes from a tip to a circle. At this time, melon sticks have fully grown up, and they are not old, so it is the right time for harvest. Early harvest, low yield, although tender, but less juice, poor flavor; too late harvest, thick and hard skin, poor quality, bad sales, and falling seedlings, hindering the growth of other melons. When harvesting, it depends on not only the growth of melons, but also the growth of the whole plant and the situation of sitting melons.

When picking root melon, because the seedling is still small, the root system is still growing, and the node position of root melon is low, if it is not picked in time, it will affect the plant growth, so it is necessary to pick early, which can not only go on the market early, but also prevent falling seedlings and melons. If the weak plant can not afford to send seedlings, the root melon can be thinned at an early age. If the plant growth is exuberant, the melon on the seedling should be picked late, so that there will always be a middle on the seedling. Melon, this can prevent overgrowth. In the peak period of melon, the stems and leaves grow vigorously, and the melon strips can be fully grown up and harvested again, generally every other day. In the later stage of melon formation, the plant has aged and is prone to deformed claws. The melon should be removed as soon as possible so that nutrients can be concentrated to supply normal melon strips. Melon picking should be carried out in the morning, when the quality is crisp and tender. In the process of harvesting and packing cucumbers, handle them gently and let the flowers on the top of the melon with thorns.

The above is the early spring cucumber planting method summarized by the editor. I hope it can help you. Although no matter what vegetables and fruits are eaten all the year round, seasonal fruits and vegetables are more delicious and nutritious, so it is usually best to eat more seasonal fruits and vegetables.