Scientific planting technology of lettuce

Lettuce is a kind of delicious vegetable, every kind of vegetable with unique taste must have its loyal lover and heartfelt dislike, but according to the response in the current market, lettuce lovers should account for the vast majority. Therefore, the cultivation of lettuce is also very beneficial.

Scientific planting technology of lettuce

1. Variety selection: varieties with cold tolerance, strong adaptability and late bolting are selected for overwintering lettuce and spring lettuce, such as "cold-tolerant white leaf fruit", "cold-tolerant second white bark", "Ruomian leaf" and so on. Summer and autumn lettuce, choose heat-resistant early-maturing varieties, such as "cold-resistant white leaf fruit", "heat-resistant large mosaic" and so on.

2. Sowing time: spring lettuce, raising seedlings in greenhouse from December to March, and open field from mid-February to late March. Summer lettuce, cultivated in open field from April to the first and middle of May, covered with sunshade net from late May to July, directly seeded or planted with high density. Autumn lettuce was sown with sunshade net from July to September, and seedlings were raised and transplanted. Overwintering lettuce, raised in the open field from October to November.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization: the soil with loose soil, good drainage, rich organic matter and strong water and fertility conservation should be selected. Deep ploughing and drying the land, 2-3 tons of rotten farm manure per mu, fine soil preparation after 7 days of sunburn, and soil moisture of 1.8-1.9 meters should be used for cultivation in the main season and high moisture in the reverse season.

4. Sowing and raising seedlings: the seeds should be sowed at the right time, and the seeds can be sowed directly on the seedling ground (new high-fat film is applied before sowing), then rake the topsoil lightly with tooth rake to make the seeds sow into the soil, and spray 800-fold liquid of new high-fat film on the surface to keep the soil moisture, prevent the soil from forming plates and improve the seed germination rate.

5. Seedling stage management: the seedling bed should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist to facilitate seedling emergence. After completing the seedlings, the seedlings should be interspersed in time, and the excessive growth of seedlings caused by the density of seedlings should be prevented in time. And timely spraying 800-fold solution of new high-fat film to protect seedlings from bacterial infection, improve the ability to resist natural disasters, and protect the growth of grain seedlings.

6. Transplanting and planting: land with fertile topsoil and strong water retention should be selected for transplanting, sufficient bottom fertilizer should be applied before planting, bottom water should be poured through, reasonable and close planting should be made, and the density should be 20ml / 26cm. After planting, root water should be poured and sprayed with 800-fold liquid of new high-fat film to isolate diseases and insect pests, shorten the slow seedling period and make the seedlings grow healthily. 5. Field management, timely watering and topdressing after transplanting, weeding and weeding, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, at the same time, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and trace potassium fertilizer should be applied at the rosette stage and stem expansion of lettuce, combined with spraying Zhuangtuanling can make lettuce stalk stout, plant luxuriant, strong natural taste, and improve the ability to resist disasters. Increase the efficiency of pesticides and fertilizers and reduce residual toxicity.

Growth characteristics of lettuce

1, lettuce is a semi-cold-tolerant vegetable, like cold, slightly resistant to frost, afraid of high temperature, poor growth in hot season.

2. Lettuce is a long-day crop with sufficient light, and it is sensitive to soil acidity and alkalinity, so it is suitable to be planted in slightly acidic soil.

3. The root system of lettuce is shallow, the absorption capacity is weak, and the demand for oxygen is high. Sand loam and loam are the best soil for planting lettuce.

Growth cycle of lettuce

The whole growth process of lettuce includes seed germination stage, seedling stage, rosette stage, fleshy stem formation stage and flowering and fruiting stage. The growth cycle of lettuce is about 80-100 days, which can be divided into the following cycles:

1. Germination period: it takes 8-10 days from sowing to the exposure of true leaves.

2. In the seedling stage, the true leaves were exposed to the first leaf order 5 or 8 leaves. It takes 17-27 days for direct seeding and more than 30 days for seedlings.

3. Rosette stage: from "Tuanzhu" to the third leaf, the heart leaf is flush with the outer leaf, which takes 20-30 days.

4. succulent stem formation stage: the stem expands rapidly and the leaf area expands rapidly, which takes about 30 days. Pea clip, the bean tip can be picked 30 days after sowing.

Methods of harvesting and seed retention of lettuce

The yield of lettuce harvested too early was low, the stem elongated too late, the fiber increased, the stem skin thickened, the meat became hard, and even hollow, which reduced the quality. Therefore, when the tip of the tender leaf and the tip of the highest leaf is usually the best harvest time, the fleshy stem has been fully enlarged and the quality is better.

The remaining lettuce should be sowed in autumn and cultivated in winter. The plants with late bolting, dense internodes, no lateral branches, less leaves, thick stems, no dehiscence and no diseases and insect pests should be selected. Plants should be fully fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus before flowering, water should not be scarce during flowering, and watering should be reduced after the top flowers are shedding. The seeds will mature 13 days after flowering. When the seeds become dark brown and have white umbrella-shaped hairs, they should be harvested in batches. In case of continuous rainy days, the seeds are perishable and should not be planted with vegetables.

If you want to rely on growing lettuce to make money, the planting technology of lettuce is crucial, because the level of technology is not only related to the yield of vegetables, but also related to the quality of vegetables and customer satisfaction. Therefore, growers must learn more and master every key technical link.