Potato planting techniques and management methods, timely topdressing, active prevention of diseases and insect pests

Slicing and sprouting: sprouting at the beginning of March, and sterilization after cutting. Trench preparation: generally double trench planting, ditching with a large row of 50 cm, a small row of 40 cm. Check seedlings and replenish seedlings: check the seedlings in time after the potatoes come out, and replenish the seedlings in time when there are missing seedlings. Middle ploughing and soil cultivation: make the soil of tuber layer loose and aerate, which is beneficial to root growth, stolon elongation and tuber expansion. Timely topdressing: topdressing sprout and seedling fertilizer after emergence and potato fertilizer at budding stage. Pest control: actively prevent and control common diseases and insect pests.

The development of potato planting industry in China has experienced a long period of time. With the increase of people's love for potatoes, the number of potatoes planted and the supply and sales of potatoes on the market are on the rise. Growing potatoes is still an industry worth investing in. Let's learn the planting techniques of potatoes.

Planting techniques of potatoes

1. Cut into pieces to promote budding. 20 days before we prepare to sow potatoes, that is, about the beginning of March every year, we will begin to sprout. When the potatoes are sliced, each seed has at least one bud hole, and then soak the seeds in water with a small ash dry mix or carbendazim powder with 1200 times to sterilize the seeds. After the seed blocks have been dried, you can begin to promote germination in the seedling bed. There are two main methods:

① sprouted with sand in the corner of the house at room temperature above 15 ℃ and planted one layer of sand.

② is in the outdoor ventilation and sunrise place, digging holes to promote sprouting in the east-west direction, the pit depth is about 25cm, one layer of sand, one layer of seed block, it is appropriate to put 3 layers, then covered with arch shed film, and covered with grass curtain at night.

The above two methods should be sprinkled 1-2 times during budding to prevent drying, and when the potato sprouts grow to 0.5-1cm, you can start sowing.

2. Soil preparation and trenching. Before planting, we must look at soil moisture. If the soil moisture is not good, we should consider irrigation and ditch to make soil moisture. During the period of making soil moisture, it is best to plant potatoes in the first 7-10 days. Potato planting is generally double ditch planting. When opening ditches, we can use large rows of 50 cm and small rows of 40 cm.

The management method of potato

1. Check seedlings and replenish seedlings: potatoes must be checked in time after they come out, and if there is a lack of seedlings, they should be replenished in time to ensure the whole seedling. When sowing, the extra potato pieces should be planted densely in the field to replenish the seedlings. When replenishing seedlings, if there is a diseased rotten potato in the missing hole, the diseased potato and its surrounding soil should be dug up before replenishing the seedling. When the soil is dry, the seedlings should be planted after digging holes and watering, combined with a small amount of fertilizer, so as to reduce the slow seedling time and restore growth as soon as possible.

2. Middle ploughing and soil cultivation: the whole process is generally carried out three times to loosen the soil in the tuber layer, which is more conducive to root growth, stolon elongation and tuber expansion. Before the emergence of potatoes, such as soil hardening, it is necessary to loosen the soil to facilitate seedling emergence. After finishing the seedlings, the first intertillage should be carried out in time, with a depth of about 8-10cm, and combined with weeding. 10-15 days after the first intertillage, the second intertillage should be slightly shallow, and at budding, the third intertillage should be carried out, which is shallower than the second intertillage.

3. Timely topdressing: potatoes take a long time from sowing to emergence, so it is necessary to apply bud fertilizer with clear dung water and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer as early as possible to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In the budding stage, combined with soil cultivation, one-time topdressing of potato fertilizer, mainly potassium fertilizer, combined with nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer depends on the growth and appearance of the plant. After the potato blossoms, it is generally no longer fertilized. If the potato shows the phenomenon of de-fertilizing and premature senescence in the later stage, it can be foliar sprayed with phosphorus and potassium or combined with trace elements.

4. pest control: the common diseases of potatoes are ring rot, virus disease, late blight, scab, bacterial wilt and cancer, etc. Late blight should be prevented and treated with Bordeaux solution or Rhizoctonia solanacearum as soon as possible. the control methods of bacterial wilt are mainly through reasonable rotation, selection of resistant varieties and small whole potato as seeds. The common pests are mole cricket, ladybugs, aphids, grubs and soil silkworms, which can be controlled by pesticides or artificial killing.

Where is the origin of potatoes?

Potatoes originated in the Andes of South America, and the history of artificial cultivation of potatoes can be traced back to southern Peru from 8000 to 5000 BC. Lake Titicaca, which is 3800 meters above sea level in the Andes, may be the first place to cultivate potatoes. About 7,000 years ago, an Indian tribe migrated from the east to the alpine Andes, camped near Lake Titicaca, and made a living by hunting and gathering. As a result, wild potatoes were found and eaten, which was recorded as the earliest discovery of potatoes.

The harvest of potatoes

When the potato growth stops and most of the stems and leaves are withered and yellow, the potato tuber is easily separated from the stolon, the periderm hardens, the specific gravity increases, and the dry matter content reaches the maximum, so it is the optimal harvest time for edible potato tuber. the use of tubers should be harvested 5-days in advance to minimize the adverse effects of high temperature in the later growth stage and improve the seed character.

Potato itself is not a native vegetable of our country, but at present, potato cultivation in China has been among the best, and potato cultivation has also entered a new stage, so in the new period, growing potatoes should not only have a deep understanding of potatoes, but also pay attention to every process and link of potato cultivation.