How to grow mustard planting techniques

Mustard has been planted in China for a long time. In ancient times, there are records about mustard, which is a kind of vegetable with high edible value and medicinal value. At present, mustard sells very well in our country, so there are many people who want to grow it. If you want to grow well, it is necessary to understand the planting method.

How to grow mustard

Mustard has two breeding methods: wild collection and artificial cultivation. Artificial cultivation includes open field cultivation and protected field cultivation. Open-field cultivation can be carried out in both spring and autumn in the Yangtze River and Huang-Huai areas, and it is generally sown in autumn. The seeds can be sowed one after another from late July to October, and the harvest ends from the middle of September to March of the following year, but the yield of sowing in August is the highest. Sowing prematurely, the weather is hot and dry, there are many torrential rains, and it is difficult to emerge seedlings, so sunshade net should be used to cover. When sowing too late, the seedlings encounter cold current when they have 2 or 3 true leaves, so they are vulnerable to freezing damage. Spring sowing can be cultivated in solar greenhouse or plastic greenhouse and put off on the market in advance, which is an efficient cultivation method.

Planting technique of mustard

1. Land preparation. Mustard seeds are small, so it is necessary to flatten and refine the land, pick up weeds and rubbish, and achieve deep ditches and high beds for drainage and irrigation. The width of the border is generally 2.5m (continuous ditch).

2. Sowing seeds. Sowing time: spring cultivation in late February, summer cultivation in early July to late August, autumn cultivation in early September to early October, generally mainly in autumn.

3. Sowing rate: per 667 square meters, 1.5 kg for spring sowing, 3 kg for summer sowing and 2 kg for autumn sowing.

4. Sowing method: mustard can be spread, but try to be even. after sowing, trample the border surface gently with your feet, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, so that the seeds can absorb water and emerge early. If you sow seeds in summer and autumn, you can wet the land one or two days before soil preparation, and then prepare the land for bed, such as sowing with new seeds harvested in the same year. As the seeds are not yet out of dormancy, they should be placed in a 2-7 ℃ environment (refrigerator) to germinate and sow.

Field management of mustard planting

1. Rational fertilization. Generally, seedlings emerge 3-4 days after autumn sowing and 6-15 days after spring sowing. When the seedlings had 2 true leaves, the first topdressing was carried out with 0.3% urea solution of 1000 kg per mu, and the second topdressing was carried out 7-10 days before harvest, and once after each harvest.

2. watering at the right time. Mustard seeds are small and easily affected by soil moisture, so pay attention to watering and moisturizing before emergence, and the watering time is appropriate in the morning and evening. It is necessary to grasp the principle of light watering and diligent watering, not all at once.

3. Weeding in time. Mustard plants are short and usually sown. Weeds mixed with mustard are difficult to weed and labor-consuming, so weeds should be harvested and pulled out.

Pest control of mustard

1. Downy mildew. The main harm to leaves, diseased leaves on both sides, the initial stage of the disease, spraying 72.2% Pulicol water agent 600 murals 800 times or 64% antiseptic alum wettable powder 500 times, once every 7 times every 10 days, alternate use of drugs, even anti-2ml 3 times.

2. Soft rot. The main symptoms were waterlogged irregular spots at the base of the stem or near the root of the ground, then enlarged and expanded inward, resulting in internal soft rot and mucus outflow. The disease department gives off a foul smell, which is different from black spot. At the initial stage of the disease, 14% complex ammonia copper solution was sprayed 300 times or 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 3000 times 4000 times, once every 10 days, even preventing 2mi 3 times.

3. Virus. After the root mustard seedlings were infected with virus disease, there were faded green spots on the leaves and bright veins in the heart leaves. In the later stage, the leaves showed light green and yellowish green mottled or obvious mosaic symptoms, and the leaves shrunk. After the adult plant was damaged, the symptoms of the heart leaves were the same as those of the seedlings. In severe cases, the leaf surface is deformed, wrinkled, leaf vein necrosis, plant dwarfing, stop growing or die.

When planting mustard, you can choose the planting method according to your own needs, generally with more artificial cultivation techniques. Site selection and seed selection should be done well in the early stage of planting. In the later stage, it is necessary to strengthen field management, timely pest control, watering and fertilization are all very important. After a series of work has been done, the mustard will grow well.