Cowpea cultivation techniques Cowpea cultivation methods

Cowpea is a kind of food that likes temperature and is not resistant to cold, so it is generally common in summer. The edible value of cowpea is very high, often eat some cowpea to supplement nutrition, promote digestion dietotherapy benefits. So this is one of the reasons why people like it, so a lot of people want to grow it.

Cultivation techniques of cowpea

1. Selection of improved varieties: cowpea can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in Wuxi area, and the growing season is long. Suitable varieties must be selected according to the climatic conditions of each season. My commonly used varieties are cowpea series, cowpea series, Nanjing starlight series, swallow cowpea, seven-inch cowpea, eight-inch cowpea, cowpea and so on.

2. Cultivation season and sowing date: cowpea in early spring can be sown and raised seedlings in greenhouse and other facilities from late March to early April, direct seeding with plastic film after mid-April, and open-field direct seeding from the end of April to early May. The sowing time of cowpea in spring and summer can be extended to the first and middle of July. Autumn cowpeas are sown from July to early August, mainly seven-inch cowpea and eight-inch cowpea.

3. Land preparation and application of basic fertilizer: cowpea should not be cropped continuously and should be rotated for more than two years, otherwise diseases are easy to occur. After harvest, deep ploughing 2O~3O cm, applying base fertilizer 3OOO kg per mu, calcium superphosphate 250.30 kg, straw ash or rice chaff ash 5O~75 kg or potassium sulfate 1O~2O kg. Acid soil can be properly added with lime 75~1OO kg, and then the soil will be broken and raked flat to form a high border with a width of 1.3m.

4. Reasonable close planting: cowpea in early spring is encouraged to raise seedlings and transplant because of its low temperature and more Rain Water. After the seedlings are unearthed, the true leaves should be planted before they are unfolded, and the principles of planting small and dry should be grasped. When planting, plants are planted in each hole. Cowpea in summer and autumn mostly used direct seeding. The sowing amount of cowpea in each hole was as little as 3-4, and as many as 4-5. After emergence, the cowpea was left in each hole. The sowing density is 0.8 meters between rows and 1 meters between plants, and the distance between plants is O.26~O.33 meters.

Cowpea planting method

Although the root system of cowpea is developed, the regeneration ability of root system is weak, so it is suitable to transplant seedlings. Generally, when the cotyledons are unfolded and the first pair of true leaves are not fully unfolded, the colonization can be delayed when the seedlings are raised in a nutrient bowl. Planting should be carried out on a sunny day with a cold tail and a warm head, pour water through the seedling bed before planting, and then raise seedlings to eliminate abnormal seedlings such as cotyledon defect and true leaf distortion. Cowpea was planted in two rows with a distance of 24-27 cm and 2-3 plants per hole. The opening of plastic film should be small when planting, pour some root water immediately after planting, and then seal it with soil.

Fertilizer and water technology of cowpea

The main results are as follows: 1. Before flowering and podding, cowpea does not have high requirements for water and fertilizer conditions, and is mainly controlled in management. Basic fertilizer is sufficient, generally no longer topdressing, when the weather is dry, it can be properly watered. If there is too much water and fertilizer, the stems and leaves will grow, causing the inflorescence nodes to rise and the number to decrease, and it is easy to form empty vines in the middle and lower parts. When the first inflorescence of the plant sits and the next few inflorescences appear, it is combined with topdressing and watered once, with 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu and 20-30 cubic meters of irrigation.

2. After podding, always keep the soil moist, and then irrigate and topdressing once every 1-2 weeks to keep the plant growing healthily and blossom and bear pods. Enter the pod harvest period, need more water and fertilizer, you can carry out another irrigation and topdressing, urea 10 kg per mu, calcium superphosphate 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg or plant ash 40 kg, 20-30 cubic meters per mu of irrigation. If the supply of water and fertilizer is insufficient, the plant is easy to decline and fall flowers and pods.

Pest control of cowpea

1. Cowpea, like kidney bean, should adopt comprehensive control measures for diseases and insect pests. It is mainly to select disease-resistant varieties, enhance disease resistance, implement crop rotation, once every 2-3 years, clean the countryside, and increase the application of base fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizer. For the control of cowpea mosaic disease, aphids should be controlled in time. The drug control of other diseases should start from the early stage of the disease, once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times continuously. The medicine is the same as kidney beans.

2. The control of wild bean borer should start from budding and be sprayed every 7-10 days. The harm can be controlled. And pay attention to spray during the harvest period, should be carried out after harvest, so as not to pollute the product.

When planting cowpea, we should do a good job in site selection, cowpea is not resistant to stagnant water, so drainage should be done well. Then choose timely transplanting, field management after planting is also very important, timely fertilization and watering, but also do a good job of pest control, so as to ensure the growth of cowpea in the later stage.