Planting techniques of American ginseng how to grow American ginseng

Site selection: it is suitable to choose mountain broad-leaved forest zone or fertile farmland at an altitude of 1000 meters, and to choose loam or humus loam with deep and slightly acidic humus soil, high groundwater level and good drainage. Soil preparation: ploughing in spring and summer one year before sowing, and applying base fertilizer after one year. Transplanting: the seedlings of Panax quinquefolium need to be cultivated for 2 years before they can be planted in the nursery and should be planted in February-March in spring. Building a shed: American ginseng is a shade plant under the forest, artificial cultivation needs to set up a shade shed.

American ginseng is a special nourishing medicine, even known as the "king of herbs", occasionally eating has a lot of benefits to the health, but also has a very high status in health products, long-term hot sales. So do you know how to grow American ginseng? Let's get to know it with the editor.

1. Planting techniques of American ginseng

1. Select the place

The main results are as follows: (1) in the low latitudes of China, it is suitable to choose the mountain broad-leaved forest zone or fertile farmland with an altitude of 800m to 1000m above sea level, loam or humus loam with deep humus soil layer, slightly acidic pH below 6.5m, high groundwater level and good drainage.

(2) it is better to take the leisure land or raw wasteland with irrigation conditions around, and the gentle slope land with a slope of 5-20 degrees.

2. Land preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) after the ginseng land is selected, ploughing should be carried out in spring and summer one year before sowing, and the sowing depth is about 20 cm, which should not be too deep, so that the soil will be weathered and mature, and the litter will be fully mature.

(2) after one year of leisure, ploughing again, screening out stones and other sundries, mixed with 8 grams of 50% carbendazim, 2 kilograms of rotten barnyard manure, 1 kilograms of bone meal or 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per square meter of soil as base fertilizer.

(3) then shallow ploughing once, leveling and raking fine to form a high border with a width of 1.2 meters and a depth of 20 centimeters, and the working path is 80 centimeters wide and 100 centimeters wide, so as to facilitate drainage, air circulation and receiving scattered light.

3. Transplanting

The main results are as follows: (1) for seed sowing and seedling cultivation, American ginseng seedlings need to be cultivated for 2 years before they can be planted in the nursery, and the planting period should be carried out before germination in February to March in spring. During this period, the earlier the better, the latest no later than late April.

(2) it can also be carried out after the plant is withered and yellow in autumn, but it is better to be planted in spring, and the ginseng seedlings should be dug up the day before planting. When planting, graded according to the size of ginseng seedlings, respectively planted, according to the row spacing of 25 cm × 12.5 cm is more reasonable.

(3) oblique planting is often used, that is, the planting ditch maintains a slope of 40 to 45 degrees from the ground, when planting, the spores are upward, the roots are extended in the ditch, the soil thickness is about 5 cm, and the border is covered with 4 cm leaves or short-jointed wheat grass (5 cm in length). Or cover with sawdust 3 cm thick to protect ginseng seedlings from overwintering safely and prevent the growth of weeds.

4. Build a shed

The main results are as follows: (1) Panax quinquefolium was originally a shade plant under the forest, avoiding direct sunlight, and artificial cultivation needs to set up a shade shed.

(2) the time of building a shed is usually in the early and middle of April to May, when the mulch on the border of ginseng land is removed.

(3) the forms of scaffolding are bow shed, single transparent shed, double transparent shed, flat roof and so on, which should be adjusted to local conditions.

2. How to grow American ginseng

1. Seed treatment

(1) when the ginseng fruit is red in August, the fresh fruit is collected. Wash the flesh immediately and dry it a little. Soak the seeds with 1000 times 50% carbendazim for 10 ℃ for 20 minutes, then soak them with gibberellin of 50ppm for 24 hours, then remove them and rinse with clean water once and then mix them with sand (seed: sand = 1:3), put them in a cool place in a basin until November, and keep the temperature below 25 ℃. The humidity should be 10% of water, 12% of moisture, too wet and easy to rot, so that it can be loosened as soon as it is loosened into a mass.

(2) seed emergence is prosperous in the same year, but weak in the next year.

2. Sowing time

(1) in late November, 70% of the cracks treated by the above method may be 80%, and about 30% of the cracks not treated with gibberellin can be picked out and sown in batches until the end of December.

(2) the rest of the unexploded mouth was placed under 0Mel 5 ℃, and it could still burst in February of the following year, and seedlings could also emerge after sowing. Those who burst later could not emerge because the low temperature treatment time was less than 70 days, and the physiological ripening could not be completed, or could not emerge completely.

3. Sowing method

The main results are as follows: (1) sprinkle 3 cm moist wind fossils on the flattened soil moisture border, sift the fossils and then flatten them, and then sow the seeds with the standard 5 × 6 cm row spacing punching plate (depth 2 cm) to keep the depth standard consistent.

(2) after sowing, sprinkle and disinfect the wind fossil cover seed, in order to smooth, cover the wind fossil and then flatten it with a board to ensure that the sowing depth is 2 cm, and then cover the grass 10 to 15 cm thick to preserve soil moisture and prevent freezing. Seedlings usually emerge around April 20.

3. Planting conditions of American ginseng

The main results are as follows: (1) American ginseng is suitable for the mountain broad-leaved forest zone with an altitude of about 1000 meters, with an annual rainfall of about 1000 mm, an annual average temperature of about 13 ℃, a frost-free period of 150 to 200 days, a mild climate and abundant rainfall.

(2) like shade and dampness, avoid strong light and high temperature, the optimum temperature during the growing period is 1824 ℃, the air relative humidity is about 80%, and the soil is strict. It is suitable for growing on the forest sandy soil with loose soil, thick soil layer, fertile and humus-rich, PH5.5-6.5. continuous cropping is avoided.

IV. The planting prospect of American ginseng

The main results are as follows: (1) American ginseng was generally imported in China in the past, and American ginseng was introduced and cultivated in Jiangxi Lushan Botanical Garden in the past 30 years. American ginseng was successfully introduced from Canada in Jiangxi Lushan Botanical Garden in the 1940s, but it was not popularized. Until 1970s, American ginseng was introduced again in China, and it was successfully planted in Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning and Shaanxi and other relevant research and production units in 1980.

(2) the Institute of Medicinal Research of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was popularized and planted in Ji'an No.1 ginseng Field of Jilin Province for the first time in 1980. The largest American ginseng horse was harvested in 4 years, but the plant weight was 105 grams, and the content of saponins was 5.44%. Then it was popularized and planted in Beijing (Huairou), Hebei (Shizhou, Dingzhou), Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hunan, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, plus the successful trial planting of American ginseng in the original ginseng producing areas in Northeast China. The cultivation area of American ginseng has reached 4 million square meters, and four major training areas have been formed in Northeast China, North China, Central China, Kangdian and (including high-altitude mountain areas at latitudes), covering more than a dozen provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, dozens of counties and hundreds of cultivation farms. At present, domestic American ginseng can not only meet domestic demand, but also be exported to earn foreign exchange.

In fact, the cultivation of American ginseng requires a lot of effort and money, because it is a very precious medicine after all, and it requires a suitable climate and high technology to produce high-quality and high-yield American ginseng. Although the number of people growing American ginseng is gradually increasing, the market is still in short supply, so the prospect of planting American ginseng is still relatively objective.