Planting time and methods of fennel field management techniques of fennel

Planting time: spring sowing is about March-April, autumn sowing is about September, winter sowing is from late November to early December, and interplanting is mid-April. Planting method: select fennel varieties with strong branching ability, high yield and lodging resistance, start the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm, and the whole seedlings 30 days after sowing, need to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding, timely irrigation in the middle and later stage, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer in the growing period, no topdressing in the middle and later stage, timely topping, and active prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Fennel, as a traditional material, has been continuing this more traditional technology and methods in planting. Although the continuous development of science and technology has had a certain impact on the cultivation of fennel, it is still necessary for growers to explore constantly if they want to make the cultivation of fennel more high-quality and efficient.

I. planting techniques of fennel

1. Sowing method

The main results are as follows: (1) there are two ways of sowing: winter sowing (egg wrapping) and spring and autumn sowing.

(2) Winter sowing: before the winter of last year, the seeds were sowed into the suitable soil moisture pressed with salt and frozen farmland (from November 25th to December 5th in Kashgar reclamation area, the ground temperature of 3 cm was lower than 5 ℃ as an index), and the harvest was achieved in the second year.

(3) Spring sowing: sowing, managing and harvesting in spring of the same year (there is a non-linear positive correlation between the advance of spring sowing time and the yield of harvested fennel).

(4) Autumn sowing: autumn sowing is carried out around September.

(5) taking advantage of the short growth period of fennel, interplanting fennel with wide rows after the end of sowing crops with wide and narrow rows of plastic film in spring. The suitable ground temperature before April 12 or 5 cm is no higher than 15 ℃.

2. Variety selection

Shacha cumin with strong branching ability, high yield, lodging resistance, purification and rejuvenation and screened seeds should be selected.

3. Sowing requirements

The main results are as follows: (1) there are two kinds of fennel sowing: hole sowing and strip sowing.

(2) Winter sowing is dominated by hole sowing (row spacing 20 cm 30 cm, hole spacing 9 cm 12 cm), spring sowing is dominated by strip sowing (30 cm equal row spacing, plant spacing 5 cm 8 cm), and interplanting with hole sowing with a depth of 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm, suppressed after sowing, with a seed amount of 22.5 kg per hectare (1.3-1.8 g of 1000-grain weight).

(3) 300 ~ 500,000 holes per hectare, 140 ~ 2 million seedlings and 150 ~ 1.8 million seedlings per hectare.

II. Field management of fennel

1. The seedlings are fixed

When the seedling grows to 5-6 cm, start the seedling, follow the principle of "early seedling, timely seedling", keep the good and go bad. The superfluous seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings should be pulled out in time. Generally, the seedlings should be removed for 3 times, and the distance between fixed seedlings should be 40m ~ 50cm, leaving 2500m ~ 3000 seedlings per mu.

2. Ploughing and weeding

The whole seedling is about 30 days after fennel sowing, because the seedling stage is long, and the seedlings are weak, it is easy to be harmed by weeds, or Rain Water hardened, so ploughing early, ploughing frequently, and breaking the hardening in time in case of rain. Weeds in the seedling line should be pulled out by hand as soon as possible to promote the growth of seedlings.

3. Irrigation and fertilization

The main results are as follows: (1) in the seedling stage, fennel has shallow roots, weak water absorption capacity, wide row spacing, poor shading, large soil water evaporation, which is easy to cause drought, so it is necessary to irrigate early and generally irrigate the first water around May 15.

(2) Irrigation in the middle and later period followed the principle of "looking at the sky, the earth and the growth". It was irrigated for 3 times during the whole growth period.

(3) strictly control water and fertilizer in the middle of August to prevent greedy green and late ripening. Breeding fennel preferred phosphate fertilizer, should not apply more nitrogen fertilizer, generally combined with irrigation the first water applied diammonium 7Mel 8 kg per mu. In order to control vegetative growth, fertilizer is not applied in the middle and later stage.

4. Topping

The main results are as follows: (1) the main branch of fennel has a strong growth advantage. if it is allowed to develop naturally, the phenomenon of overgrowth is serious. Especially in the later stage, a large number of flowers will blossom again in cloudy and rainy weather, resulting in more flowers but low panicle rate, waste of nutrition and serious reduction of yield. Therefore, it is necessary to top in time, control the growth of plants, reasonably adjust the population density and adjust the distribution of plant nutrients.

(2) generally topping before flowering, removing the top advantage, promoting fruiting, and making the flowering neat, so as to improve the yield and quality.

5. Harvest

The seed maturation of fennel is inconsistent, early and late. In order to reduce grain loss and increase yield, the method of harvesting in stages and batches can be adopted. The early mature seeds can be harvested in time, and then all harvested at one time around October 10.

Matters needing attention in planting fennel

The main results are as follows: 1. To make the emergence of seedlings fast and neat, it is best to soak seeds to promote germination before sowing. Soak the seeds for 24 hours, then rub the seeds with your hands and rinse them several times until the water is clear, spread the wet seeds on a sack or straw mat, cool them in a cool place, put them in an earthen pot, cover with a wet cloth and germinate under 16-23 ℃.

2. Fennel is sown by wet sowing method, that is, covering soil is set aside when making beds, watering the bottom water before sowing, spreading evenly after sowing, and covering soil, the leaf area of fennel is small, which is very suitable for close planting, with a sowing amount of 3-5 kg per mu.

3. If you sow dry seeds, you should pay attention to watering small water frequently after sowing to keep the border surface moist so as to facilitate the emergence of young buds. After the seedlings are unearthed, attention should be paid to weeding in time. The seedling stage should not be watered too much, but keep the border surface dry and wet. The seedlings are generally harvested at one time. If you plan to harvest many times, you can combine weeding seedlings, the seedling distance is 5-6 cm, when the plant is about 10 cm high, watering should be frequent, and combined with watering to apply available nitrogen fertilizer. When the plant is about 30 cm high, it can be harvested.

IV. Harvesting and processing of fennel

1. Harvest requirements

When the plant grows to about 30 cm, it can be harvested. It was harvested twice in the spring sowing year and only once in the autumn sowing year. For example, in the open field overwintering area, after the harvest begins in the spring of the following year, it can be harvested again at intervals of more than 40 days, and it can be harvested 4 or 5 times a year.

2. Storage characteristics and storage and transportation methods

Fennel is a fresh vegetable, which is mainly sold. Most of them are produced and sold on the spot. If the market demand, according to its low temperature and high humidity storage characteristics, under suitable conditions (temperature, 0 ℃; relative humidity, about 95%) short storage or transportation.

At present, there have been many summaries about the traditional techniques of planting fennel, but it is still difficult to comply with the trend of the times to achieve large-scale planting and mechanized agricultural production, so from this point of view, growing fennel still requires a lot of talent and technical investment.