Cornus planting techniques Cornus field management

Most of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines are native wild plants, and it is precisely because of this that there are medicine pickers, but with the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine and the progress of modern science and technology, wild Chinese herbal medicine can no longer meet the needs of people. and the difficulty of picking medicinal materials is gradually increasing, and the cultivation of medicinal materials arises at the historic moment.

Planting technique of Cornus officinalis

The main results are as follows: 1. Seed treatment: because the seed coat is thick and hard, water is not easy to soak, slow germination and low germination rate, seed treatment is often carried out before sowing. One method is soaking the seeds in warm soup, soaking them in 60 ℃ hot water for two days, drying and then sowing. The second method is to soak the seeds in human urine for 15 to 20 days, then mix them with plant ash and then sow them. Third, soak the seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid for 1 minute, then rinse with clean water and sow. However, through the experiment, the cultivation group of Shaanxi Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine believes that the germination and emergence of dogwood seeds must go through a process of high temperature (summer and autumn), then low temperature (winter), and then high temperature (spring), and there is no need for seed treatment before sowing. For example, the seeds selected this year, sown in winter this year or sown in spring next year, will not emerge until April of the year after next.

2. Sprouting and sowing: peel off the flesh of the fresh fruit in autumn, accelerate the germination of the seeds, and mix the seeds with 5 times fine sand (the water content of the sand is about 30%, that is, the seeds are dispersed when they fall to the ground). In a place where there is no stagnant water outside, dig a pit or put it in a wooden box, cover the pit with sand 7 centimeters flat with the ground, and then cover it with weeds. In case of drought, spray water every 7 ~ 10 days to keep the seeds moist. When it rains heavily in summer, the pit will be tightly covered to prevent seeds from being soaked and rotted by Rain Water. About 40% of the seeds germinated in early spring. The seeds were sown in a well-formed bed and sown in strips, with shallow trenches 3 to 5 cm deep. The seeds are sown into the ditch and the soil is covered flat. Generally, seedlings can emerge in 10-15 days.

3. Timely transplanting: seedling sowing for 1-2 years, seedling height of about 50-70 cm, before and after freezing in November, according to row spacing of 3 meters, plant spacing of 2 meters on hillside, Weir and other land, digging holes for planting. When raising the seedlings, the seedlings should be dug out together with the fibrous roots and moved to the dug pit, 1 for each pit. When transplanting, make the root system spread out, and then fill the soil mixed with fertilizer in the pit and tamp it. Watering immediately after transplanting, wait for the water to seep down, cultivate the surrounding soil to the root, and step on it with your feet.

Field Management of Cornus officinalis

1. Seedling stage management

Keep the soil moist before emergence. Weeds are removed after emergence. Weeds can be weeded and fertilized once when the seedlings are 15 cm high. If the seedling is too dense, it can be interspersed when the seedling height is 12cm to 15cm. The seedlings were loosened and fertilized for 2 or 3 times. When the seedlings can not reach the planting height, pour frozen water once before winter and cover with weeds or cow and horse manure to keep warm and wet and survive the winter safely.

2. Management after planting.

① irrigation. There should be three major irrigations a year. The first time before the Spring Festival sprouting and flowering, the second time in the summer fruit filling period, the third time before the beginning of winter.

② weeding and fertilization. Ploughing and weeding 4 or 5 times a year. Topdressing was applied once in spring and autumn, and each tree for more than 10 years applied 5kg of human feces and urine. In the period of topdressing, the early stage of young fruit in the middle of April had the best effect. The effect of spraying 0.1% boron solution is also better when topdressing in full bloom and fruit setting stage.

③ pruning. When the young tree is 1 meter high, the top tip is removed in February to promote the growth of lateral branches. In the young tree stage, the clustered branches of the tree base are cut off in early spring every year to promote the growth of the trunk. Pruning is mainly light pruning to promote the rapid transformation of vegetative branches into fruiting branches. Cut off the too thin, too dense branches and overgrown branches from the base to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and improve the seed setting rate. For the auxiliary branches on the inside of the main branch, circular peeling, coring and twisting should be carried out in June to weaken the growth potential, promote early fruiting and early high yield. Young trees can cultivate soil once or twice a year, and adult trees can cultivate soil once every 2 or 3 years. If the roots are exposed, they should be choked in time.

Pruning method of Cornus officinalis

1. Thinning cut

Also known as branch thinning, its function is to promote the germination and growth of the lower branches, ease the tree potential, and cut the first branch from the base where the branches are too dense, which can improve the lighting conditions, prolong the life of fruiting branches, promote the formation of flower buds and increase the rate of fruit setting. Thinning to promote the growth of branches to balance the tree potential; thinning of weak branches can promote the growth of other branches.

2. Truncation

Cut off part of the treetops, also known as short scissors. Its function is to promote the bud germination of the lower part of the cut mouth, rejuvenate the old branch, and promote flowering and fruiting.

3. Retraction

That is, it is cut short on perennial branches, which is used to control auxiliary branches, cultivate fruiting branches and promote the renewal and rejuvenation of backbone branches.

4. Slow release

Also known as Changfang. That is, keep the branches untrimmed. Generally, you can only slowly release weak branches, lower branches, and so on. Its first function is to ease the growth potential: for strong trees and branches, it can ease the growth potential; for weak trees and weak branches, it can restore growth and strengthen the tree potential as soon as possible under the condition of strengthening water and fertilizer. Second, it is conducive to flowering and fruiting: Cornus officinalis has the characteristics of axillary bud flowering and fruiting, slow release of vegetative branches, can promote more flowering and fruiting.

Distribution of producing area of Cornus officinalis

The producing areas of Cornus officinalis are mainly located in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan and other provinces of China. They are also distributed in Korea and Japan. They are born in forest margins or forests with elevations of 400-1500 meters above sea level and sparse up to 2100 meters. They are introduced and cultivated in Sichuan, and the distribution areas are Funiu Mountain in Henan, Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang and Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province. At present, Xixia County and Neixiang County in Henan Province are the main producers to supply the market.

After a long period of development, the cultivation of Cornus officinalis should have become mature so far, but there is still a certain gap between the cultivated Chinese herbal medicine and the wild Chinese herbal medicine in the growth environment, so it will be slightly inferior in terms of quality. so how to create a primitive environment for Chinese herbal medicine is a top priority in the current cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine.