Efficient cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of very nutritious mushroom food, which tastes delicious and can supplement a lot of vitamins and minerals. With the supply of Pleurotus ostreatus market falling short of demand, the number of people growing Pleurotus ostreatus is gradually increasing, so how to grow Pleurotus ostreatus?

Efficient cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

1 commonly used cultivation formula

Formula 1: cottonseed husk 94%, urea 0.3% 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, plant ash 1% 2%, lime 2% 3%. Formula 2: cottonseed husk 45%, corncob 43%, cake powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, plant ash 1% 2%, urea 0.3% 0.5%, lime 2% 3%. Formula 3: 45% of cottonseed husk, 43% of wheat straw, 5% of cake powder, 1% of superphosphate, 1% of plant ash, 0.3% of urea, 0.5% of lime and 2% of lime.

2 batching preparation

The above formulations can be mixed with water according to the ratio of material to water 1.0: (1.3-1.5), with a water content of about 60% and a pH value of 7.5-8.0. Select a sunny, high-lying, dry place, and the culture material is mixed with lime water with a pH value of 9: 10, with a water content of 65% to 70%. After mixing well, the material is stacked at 50 kg/m to build a stack with a width of about 1.5m, a height of 1.2m to 1.5m and unlimited length. In order to be well ventilated, two bamboo poles were placed at the bottom when laying the material, and crossed with the bottom bamboo pole when the upper two sides were punched. After stacking, the bamboo pole was removed, and then covered with film for heat preservation and moisture preservation to make it fermented. Bagged inoculation can be carried out at the end of fermentation.

3 bagged inoculation

The plastic bag of (22: 25) cm × (45: 50) cm was selected and the layer sowing method of 4-layer bacteria and 3-layer culture material was adopted, and the number of bacteria was about 15%. The amount of bacteria at the mouth of the bag at both ends should be large, which is beneficial to the growth of mycelium.

(4) bacteria management

After disinfection in the mushroom shed, the inoculated material bags were transported to the mushroom shed, and the bacteria were stacked on the border bed, or put on a shelf. The temperature in early spring and late autumn is low, but the north and south rows are juxtaposed into a row, and each row leaves an aisle, which can be stacked with 10 to 12 stories, and arranged in a single row in other seasons. When the temperature is high, you can also stack 2-4 layers of material bags into a "well" shape, cross discharge, to facilitate heat dissipation and set aside the sidewalk. During film mulching and heat preservation, the film should be opened regularly for ventilation to prevent the inhibition of mycelium growth due to hypoxia [2].

5 management of mushroom production

When the temperature is about 25 ℃, the air relative humidity is about 60%, and the dim light and ventilation are good, the hyphae of the medium and high temperature Pleurotus ostreatus can grow full in about 25 days and the low temperature type 30 days and 35 days. When the fruiting body primordia appeared in some bacterial bags, it indicated that the bacteria had matured and could be transferred to mushroom production management at this time. After the mushroom shed was disinfected and soaked in water to dry, it was neatly stacked on the border bed in the morning and evening according to the mycelium of the bacterial bag, with a height of 7 to 8 layers. Then untie the two ends of the bag, when there is a small mushroom bud on the material surface, cut off the film at both ends of the bag and expose the material surface to promote the rapid growth of the mushroom bud.

Silly technique of planting Pleurotus ostreatus

The so-called fool style is to hit three ventilation holes in a triangle after inoculation, which is also the mushroom hole in the future. This should be carried out in the light of the actual situation.

Pest control

The common pests in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus are nematodes, mites, ants, snails, fruit flies, mushroom mosquitoes and so on. Medicament control can use 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 2500 times liquid spray; use light and sweet and sour liquid to lure flies; bone roast incense to kill mites, ants; kill snails with salt.

Environmental requirements of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Nutrition. There are many nutrients available for Pleurotus ostreatus, including woody plant residues and fibrous plant residues. In artificial cultivation, the yield of waste cotton, cottonseed hull, corncob, cotton stalk and soybean straw is higher, and other agricultural and forestry wastes can also be used, such as sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, corncob and so on.

2. Temperature. The mycelial growth temperature range and suitable temperature of different mycelium growth species are not the same. Most species and varieties can grow at 5: 35 ℃, and 20: 30 ℃ is the common suitable temperature range for their growth. The optimum growth temperature of low and medium-low temperature varieties is 24-26 ℃, that of medium-high temperature and wide-temperature varieties is about 28 ℃, and that of Pleurotus ostreatus is 25-27 ℃.

3. Humidity. The optimum water content of the substrate for mycelium growth is 60%-65%. When the water content of the substrate is insufficient, the emergence of bacteria is slow, and the emergence of mushroom is delayed after the completion of the bacteria. In raw material cultivation, when the water content of the substrate is too high, the air permeability is poor, the mycelium grows slowly, and it is easy to breed anaerobic bacteria or mold. The optimum mushroom emergence period is 70%-75%, and the fruiting body grows rapidly and thrives when the atmospheric relative humidity is 85%-95%. The cap is easy to dry edge or crack when the relative humidity is less than 80%, and rotten mushrooms are easy to occur when it exceeds 95% for a long time. In the cultivation of raw materials, the methods of drying bacteria and replenishing water during the mushroom emergence period are often adopted to ensure that the fungus is not infected by mold and that there is enough water to supply the mushroom during the mushroom emergence period.

Through the above content, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of the planting method of Pleurotus ostreatus. Generally speaking, the output of Pleurotus ostreatus is high, and the annual sales volume is also very high, and the cost of Pleurotus ostreatus is low, but the profit is very considerable, so it is a good way to grow and start a business.