Planting time and methods of Flammulina velutipes Fertilizer and Water Management during mushroom emergence period

Flammulina velutipes as a kind of fungus, before artificial cultivation, it also has its growth law that conforms to nature, and it will choose to sprout and grow at an appropriate time, then after large-scale artificial cultivation, people should also plant Flammulina velutipes in accordance with the normal growth law, so as to ensure that Flammulina velutipes is natural to the maximum extent.

Planting time of Flammulina velutipes

Flammulina velutipes is a kind of low temperature fruiting fungus. When Flammulina velutipes is cultivated without cooling, it must be inoculated in time before it can produce mushrooms smoothly. Generally speaking, inoculation cultivation is more reliable when the autumn temperature drops below 20 °C, and the original seed production can be carried out about 30 days in advance. The inoculation time of the last batch of Flammulina velutipes at the beginning of the year should be 60-80 days in advance according to the date when the local average temperature rose to 20 °C. For example, all over Hubei, the original seeds were produced at the beginning of September, and the first batch of cultivated species were produced at the end of September or the beginning of October. The inoculation date of the last batch of cultivated species must be earlier than mid-February in order to successfully produce mushrooms and harvest 1-2 crops of Flammulina velutipes when the temperature is still low at the end of spring (below 20 °C).

Planting method of Flammulina velutipes

1. Batching and bagging

The more reasonable culture material formula is: cottonseed hull 35%, sawdust (or other crop straw, husk, shell, residue) 40%, wheat bran (or rice bran) 18%, corn meal 2%, sugar 1%, compound fertilizer 2%, calcium carbonate 2%. After mixing the material, adjust the water content 60%, 65%, pH 6.5-7.5. put it in a low-pressure polyethylene plastic corner bag of 17cm × 38cm × 0.045 cm. The material is about 15cm high (300g per bag of dry material). Press a hole 10 cm deep in the middle of the material, and then seal it.

2. Sterilization and inoculation

Sterilized under atmospheric pressure and kept in 100 ℃ steam for 12 hours, the sterilized material bag was moved into the aseptic room while it was hot and let it cool, so that the material bag was tightened due to sudden cold, and the phenomenon of growing mushrooms on the side wall would not occur in cultivation. When the temperature of the material drops below 30 ℃, open the bag to access the bacteria. The inoculation was carried out according to aseptic operation and the seal was restored immediately.

43. Mycelium culture

After inoculation, the material bag should be cultivated in a clean, dry, ventilated and cool room. Doors and windows should be sheltered from light during the day and ventilated at night. The temperature of the culture bag should be controlled below 30 ℃. In case of continuous high temperature, cooling measures such as sprinkling cold water should be taken. Because of the high relative humidity in spring, charcoal and lime should be put indoors to absorb moisture. Generally, after 20-25 days of culture, the hyphae can be full of bags.

4. Management of mushroom production period

Out of the mushroom room should be equipped with upper and lower convection windows, doors and windows are equipped with 80 mesh yarn. Move the bacteria bag in and out of the mushroom room, put it on the wet ground with water, leave a certain gap between the bag and the bag, leave a passage every 5 lines, and do a good job of cooling and humidifying. Close the doors and windows during the day and turn on the wind window at night to cause the temperature to drop. Straw curtains can be hung on the walls of the mushroom room to spray water to the straw curtains, which can not only humidify, but also insulate and lower the temperature.

5. Pest control

Mushroom houses should often use 3% bleach solution, or 0.2% oxytetracycline, or 0.2% 3B disinfectant for disinfection, and spray the enemy to kill pyrethroid, dichlorvos, malathion and other pesticides. After the fruiting body is formed, the plant growth inhibitor B9 can be sprayed, which can improve the high temperature resistance and disease resistance of Flammulina velutipes, and achieve the purpose of high and stable yield.

Fertilizer and Water Management Technology of Flammulina velutipes during mushroom emergence period

During the mushroom emergence period, it is not suitable to spray water directly into the fruiting body and material. Generally, the culture material is seriously short of water after the harvest of Flammulina velutipes, so it is difficult to produce mushrooms again. Change the conventional management methods, in Flammulina velutipes mushroom period timely strengthen fertilizer and water management, can produce mushroom 3-5 tide, and mushroom neat, stout stalk, small and shiny cap, no need to scratch bacteria. After the mycelium of Flammulina velutipes matured physiologically, the bag was moved from the bacteria room to the mushroom bed in the shed to promote the emergence of mushroom. Before moving the bag, spread the film on the mushroom bed, raise 2 cm around the film, and add 0.5 cm of water to the film.

After moving the bag, cover the top and all sides of the bag with black film to block the light, and adjust the humidity to stabilize the humidity in the film at 90%, so as to promote the emergence of mushrooms neatly. After the first tide mushroom is harvested, add water to the material and spray 200 grams of nutrient solution to promote the emergence of the second tide mushroom. After the second tide mushroom harvest, the culture material shrinks obviously, and there is a gap between the material and the bag. In the later stage, the mushroom is easy to come out from the bottom of the bag and around, and the quality of Flammulina velutipes will be affected. Can fill a bag of water, each bag of water 300 grams, to promote the culture material to absorb water expansion, excess water can submerge the bag bottom, so that the bag bottom hypoxia can not produce mushrooms, can only produce mushrooms on the material surface. After this treatment, 3 more tide mushrooms can be produced. In addition, Flammulina velutipes should also strengthen ventilation during the mushroom emergence period to ensure adequate oxygen and appropriate humidity in the shed.

Harvest and grading of Flammulina velutipes

Flammulina velutipes should be harvested at the right time. When the stalk is not fully elongated, the yield is low; when the cover is fully unfolded or has been rolled up, the yield is higher, but the shape is poor, which affects the value of the commodity. The cans should be harvested at the beginning of the bacterial cap. The fresh ones can be harvested when the cap is unfolded at 6-7 minutes. After harvest, the aged mycelium on the surface of the culture medium should be scraped and discarded, the material should be leveled, and the mouth of the bag should be refolded to restore the growth of the mycelium.

Fresh Flammulina velutipes is usually divided into four grades. The first-grade lid is not opened, the diameter is about 1 cm, the stalk is 15 cm long, the mushroom color is white, the freshness is good, and there is no decay and deterioration. The secondary cap is not open, the diameter of the cap is less than 1.5 cm, the length of the stalk is less than 13 cm, and the base of the stalk is yellow to light brown, with good freshness and no decay. The diameter of the third-grade cap is less than 2.5 cm, the length of the stalk is less than 11 cm, and the stalk 1 hand 2 is light brown to brown, with good freshness and no decay.

Both the planting time and the planting method of Flammulina velutipes should be based on the pure natural green of Flammulina velutipes, so that a healthier and delicious Flammulina velutipes can be produced and the edible value of Flammulina velutipes to human beings can be guaranteed. The harvest and classification of Flammulina velutipes is an important means to maximize the benefit of Flammulina velutipes.