Cultivation techniques of mushrooms in greenhouse how to cultivate mushrooms

Greenhouse vegetable technology helps people eat the food they want all the year round, and the cultivation of mushrooms in the greenhouse also makes it possible for people to enjoy the delicacy brought by mushrooms. Next, the editor is going to tell you how mushrooms are planted in the greenhouse, so that we can further deepen our understanding of mushrooms.

Planting Technology of Mushroom in greenhouse

1. Choose a place to build a shed

Growing mushrooms in rice fields is the use of winter paddy fields idle after rice harvest to grow mushrooms. When the rice is in the loose seeds, the paddy fields are drained, and the soil preparation compartments are as follows: 2 ditches, 3 compartments, 1.5 meters in the middle compartment, 1 meter in the side compartment, 0.3 meters in width, 0.3 meters in depth, and 10-15 meters in length; 3 hatches, 1.5 meters in width and 0.3 meters in width. When making a box, the field in the ditch is dug out and built on the edge of the box to form a ridge of soil to block the culture material. The chamber ditch is also used as an aisle for operators and for drainage. The herringbone shed is built on the side of the box. the central pillar of the herringbone shed is supported by bamboo or wooden sticks in the middle of the shed, 2.4 meters high. The pillars are connected by large bamboo poles to form a top beam. Cover the top beam with plastic film and straighten both sides into a natural triangle. Then use thin rice and wheat straw to form a large hairy fan with heavy weight and put it on the top beam to block the light. You can also use black plastic film, after passing through the top beam, both sides stretch to form a herringbone triangle, instead of using a hair fan to block the light. The two ends of the herringbone shed cover the light with grass curtains. Drainage ditches should be made outside the shed.

2. Fermentation of culture material

The formula of culture material is the same as that of indoor mushroom. Primary fermentation and secondary fermentation can be used. The outdoor secondary fermentation method does not need fuel heating, but uses the natural high temperature in early autumn to achieve the effect of secondary fermentation and reduce the production cost. The method is to use bricks and stones as cushion piers, which are about 20 cm high. Place sticks on the hot pier and bamboo pieces on the sticks, such as a bed frame, to make a 1.5-meter-wide, indefinite base. Pile the pre-fermented material, adjust the water to 5-6 drips with hand-kneading material, and then adjust the pH value to 7.8-8 with lime powder. Then the culture is piled on the base and the wooden stick or bamboo is preset to form an air hole. The material is piled into a height of 0.8-1 m, and the vents are made into a T-shape. when the material is stacked, the stick or bamboo is pulled out, which naturally becomes a cavity and serves as a channel for air exchange in the material. Use 0.5% dichlorvos or dicofol spray to kill insects on the surface.

Then build a simple frame with bamboo around the material pile, about 20 centimeters away from the material pile, to prevent the plastic film from affixing directly to the culture material to affect fermentation. Finally, cover with a thin film. The material stack is tightly closed in the film, making full use of the daytime sunlight to increase the temperature, coupled with the fermentation heat accumulated in the material pile, the temperature of the material pile is rapidly raised to more than 62 ℃. When the high temperature is over, cool down 1-2 ℃ a day and ventilate 3-4 times for 30 minutes each time. The material can be moved into the herringbone shed when the temperature is controlled at about 50 ℃, the fermentation ends in 6-7 days, and the temperature is finally reduced to 45 ℃.

3. Laying and sowing

Two days before the material entered the shed, the cultivation bed was sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos to kill insects, and the culture material was ready to enter the shed. When the culture material is put into the shed and laid on the bed surface, the water content of the material is 63%, 65%, and it is appropriate to squeeze a drop of water by hand. The pH value of the material is 7-7.5, and there is no ammonia smell. The thickness of the paving material is 13-17 cm, while laying and mixing, the strength is uniform. After the material is laid, use a thermometer to measure the material temperature. If the material temperature is below 28 ℃, it is wily and can be sown. Sowing often use shift seeds, each bottle can sow 0.7-0.8 square meters. Before sowing, operators disinfect hands, tools and strain bottles with 0.1% potassium permanganate. When sowing, sprinkle the bacteria on the surface of the culture material, then turn it over and mix it with your hands, then sprinkle the remaining 1 big 3 on the material surface and gently compact it with a clean plank.

Management of mushroom emergence period

After covering the soil, the soil layer is mainly moisturizing, and the soil material is required to be moist. Generally, there is no need to spray water, and the water and grass curtain can be adjusted in the morning. If the soil is too wet, change the straw curtain at noon to adjust, as long as the moisture is right, you can not turn the straw curtain within a week.

In order to prevent heavy rain and flooding, to make the sidewalk and the surrounding drainage ditch smooth, to open more fields and lower than the drainage ditch.

3 days after sowing, the hyphae began to grow to the material and soil layer, reached the middle layer of the material soil in about 10 days, covered the whole material soil layer in about 18 days, and began to form mushroom buds. At this time, more attention should be paid to appropriate management, such as bleaching the soil on the bed and spraying water to increase the temperature. Only in this way can the mushroom buds expand and produce more mushrooms.

Cover film: in autumn and spring, the cover film can prevent Rain Water from infiltrating into the material layer to drown the hyphae, prevent the wind from blowing dead mushrooms, and keep moisture. In winter, the cover film of the box can humidify and prolong the mushroom period and increase the yield. generally, the film should be covered on the grass curtain of the box, but it should be covered below when blowing, and it should be covered in time after the wind to facilitate ventilation. But it is worth noting that the film can not be covered at noon on a sunny day in late spring and early autumn to prevent burning mycelium and causing dead mushrooms.

Water transfer: at the end of each tide of mushrooms, water should be adjusted once to facilitate the formation of the next batch of mushrooms. It is strictly forbidden to adjust heavy water when there are mushrooms as small as rice on the side.

Spray and wash with clean water in time after applying nutrient solution or spray to prevent the production of spotted mushrooms.

The harvesting method of mushroom

The mushroom will not mature until 5-7 days after budding. When the stalk is raised and medium well (not open), it should be picked in time. When picking, press the mushroom cover left and right, rotate it together with the mushroom foot and the old mycorrhiza, and fill the bed surface. When picking mushrooms, the old roots must be pulled out and the mushroom feet are taken out of the field for treatment, which can reduce diseases and insect pests. Replenishing soil after mushroom picking is beneficial to cultivate strong hyphae and increase yield.

Grading standard for mushroom processing

First-class mushroom: the diameter of cap is 1.8 ~ 4 cm, and the length of stalk is 1 ~ 1.5 cm. The mushroom color is white, the mushroom shape is round, the mushroom stalk is cut smoothly and there is no hollow or white phenomenon, and the fungus cover is free of spots, moths, black feet, green roots and so on.

Secondary mushroom: the diameter of cap is 2cm and the length of stalk is 1.5 cm. The mushroom color is white, slightly spotted, the mushroom shape is basically round, slightly deformed, the stalk is slightly loose, there is a white heart, the cutting is not smooth, the fungus cover is stained, and there is no moth and green root phenomenon.

Third-grade mushroom: in accordance with the requirements of the second-class standard, the diameter of the cap is allowed to reach 4cm, with mild mechanical injuries and a small number of spots, which can be deformed mushrooms, hollow mushrooms and mushrooms with undiscolored folds and just opened umbrellas.

Through the understanding of mushroom cultivation, we can find that although the mushrooms grown in the greenhouse are not as delicious as wild mushrooms, they are not green and safe, so we can rest assured that we can boldly eat the mushrooms on the market. at the same time, we can also use the mushroom grading method to identify the quality of mushrooms.