Planting technology and time of alfalfa field management of alfalfa

The planting time is divided into spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing, spring sowing is from the end of March to early April, summer sowing is from June to July, and autumn sowing is from the end of August to the beginning of September. Land selection: one or two types of land with good soil fertility and perfect water conservancy facilities should be selected for planting. Ground preparation: deep turning, raking and compaction before sowing to facilitate seedling emergence after sowing. Fertilization: apply base fertilizer before planting. Irrigation amount: it is not suitable to irrigate frequently during the growing period, which will lead to rotting roots. Weeding: alfalfa is vulnerable to weeds and needs chemical weeding.

Alfalfa is a forage grass with large demand in the current market, so the number of people who have demand for alfalfa planting technology is also increasing. It is very important to plant alfalfa to master the growth habits of alfalfa. Therefore, a more intuitive method is to choose a suitable time to plant alfalfa and act on the experience of our predecessors.

Planting method of alfalfa

I. Land selection and land preparation

1. Land selection: choose one or two kinds of land with good soil fertility and perfect water conservancy facilities for planting. The planting of barren soil and land without water conservancy facilities can only be used as an agricultural measure to improve soil and fertile land, and can not obtain ideal benefits. For the plots that are prone to stagnant water after low concave rain can not be planted, alfalfa will be suffocated for 48 hours. In planting, it is necessary to focus on large area connection, so as to be suitable for all kinds of mechanical operations.

2. Land preparation

① alfalfa is a perennial leguminous forage, and the general rotation period is 5-6 years. Therefore, it is necessary to turn deeply, rake and compact before sowing, so as to meet various requirements, so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings after sowing.

In order to level the land, ② requires that the ground should be flat, and the potholes should not be uneven, so as to affect the mechanical harvesting and baling operations and the income of growers (the uneven land will cause stubble to be too high and pick up unclean, etc.).

③ sprayed trifluralin (100ml / mu) 10 days before sowing to reduce the damage of weeds, and sprayed perennial weeds with paraquat, glyphosate and 2.4mol D before sowing.

④ fertilization: alfalfa has well-developed roots and deep roots, so it is combined with soil preparation before planting, applying farm manure 1 / mu, calcium superphosphate 50 / 100 kg as base fertilizer, or 30 kg diammonium and 20 kg urea.

⑤ for irrigated land without sprinkler irrigation facilities, according to the mowing range of the lawn mower, combined with soil preparation ridges and ridges to facilitate future field watering, the current range of using the lawn mower is 2.5m.

Planting time of alfalfa

Two conditions are needed for alfalfa seed germination: one is that the ground temperature is 5 ℃-6 ℃ and the optimum temperature is less than 25 ℃; the other is that more water is needed. Spring sowing and autumn sowing are the best. Partial saline-alkali land is not suitable for spring sowing, which is easy to cause dead seedlings.

① spring sowing. The seeds should be sown before the Qingming Festival (late March to early April) in spring. At this time, the soil moisture is high, so it is easy to get the whole seedling. The evening coincides with a spring drought, and it is difficult for seedlings to emerge.

② summer sowing. It is usually from June to July. In this period, the temperature is high, Rain Water is more, seedlings grow fast, but there are also many weeds, diseases and insect pests occur frequently.

③ is sown in autumn. Usually from the end of August to the beginning of September. In this period, after the rainy season, the soil moisture is good, the temperature is suitable, the growth of weeds slows down, and the sowing success rate is the highest. No matter which sowing method is adopted, it should be combined with rain or irrigation, and it is best after rain. After sowing, it should be suppressed so that the seeds can germinate.

Field management of alfalfa

1. Irrigation quantity

Alfalfa has luxuriant stems and leaves, large transpiration area, and water demand is more than that of general crops. Generally speaking, the annual irrigation amount of alfalfa per mu is about 250 cubic meters, and the amount of irrigation at a time is about 80 cubic meters. When the irrigation capacity of alfalfa is 50-60% of the soil saturated water capacity, alfalfa is the most suitable for growth. The times and time of irrigation should be watered once before all the alfalfa is green. It can be watered once from budding to pre-flowering, and it must be irrigated after each cutting (this is especially important on saline-alkali soil). During the growing period, it is not suitable to irrigate frequently, because alfalfa is afraid of stagnant water, if there is stagnant water will lead to rotting roots.

2. Control weeds

Perennial alfalfa grows very slowly in the early stage and is vulnerable to weeds. Manual control of weeds takes time and time, and the effect is not ideal. At present, it is mainly through chemical weeding. Weed species: there are many weeds that harm the growth of perennial alfalfa, some weeds harm forage grass to a certain extent, and dodder does serious harm to alfalfa, which should be prevented and controlled. Chemical herbicides can be divided into two categories according to their functions, one is selective herbicides, the other is fungicidal herbicides. Selective herbicides only kill weeds without harming grasses and crops. Such as 2mazin, 2mazin, ethoxyflurane, etc., and inactivation herbicides, such as diuron, ◇◇, glycyrrhizin, etc. After spraying the herbicide 20m / ml for 30 days, you can graze or mow to avoid poisoning accidents.

Harvesting methods of alfalfa

The daily average variation of alfalfa feed quality is very large, such as crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and so on. In the United States, we commonly use a forage quality scale, which is marked with indicators such as acidity and alkalinity. through this ruler, we can measure the most suitable height for alfalfa harvest from the soil surface. In the process of measurement, we need to measure it from the soil surface to the stem tip of the plant, not to the tip of the tallest leaf. In each plot, 4-5 points should be estimated, and the highest stem is not the best maturity.

In addition, it is best to adopt wide cutting, the advantages of wide cutting are fast drying speed, reducing the loss of respiration and high quality of forage harvesting. After mowing, respiration continues until the grass is air-dried to 60% water content, while starch and sugar decompose during respiration, resulting in carbon dioxide and dry matter loss of 2-8%. The first 20% decrease in moisture during alfalfa drying is carried out through the transpiration of stomatal tension on the leaf surface.

The water content of different bales is different, and the safe water content of small bales (3 feet x 3 feet) is different.