The focal point of deepening rural reform

Fundamentally, the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is to promote the protection of farmers' property rights through reform, to share the benefits of land value-added, to promote the optimal allocation of resource elements, and to realize the transformation of traditional agricultural modernization based on the concepts of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development. We will promote the continuous removal of institutional and institutional barriers between urban and rural areas to ensure that farmers truly share the fruits of development.

The next five years will be the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. "whether a well-off society is well-off or not depends on the villagers." To achieve the strategic goal of building a well-off society is to promote the protection of farmers' property rights through reform and share the benefits of land appreciation based on the concepts of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development. We will promote the optimal allocation of resource elements to realize the transformation of traditional agricultural modernization, and promote the continuous removal of institutional and institutional barriers between urban and rural areas to ensure that farmers truly share the fruits of development.

The reform of rural land system takes the transfer of management rights as the core. As we all know, farmers have almost no property income except the income of agricultural production and operation and the income of migrant workers. Land and housing are the most valuable resource elements in rural areas. Promoting market flow to release this sleeping property right energy can not only open up new channels for farmers to increase their income, but also open up new ways for farmers to expand production, increase input and provide credit assets. In the "Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform", it is clearly pointed out that deepening the reform of rural land system is to implement collective ownership, stabilize farmers' right to contract, and enliven the right of land management. Under the premise of insisting on collective ownership of rural land, we should further speed up the separation of contracting rights and management rights, and further strengthen the pattern of separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights, and the transfer of management rights, so as to make rural collective property rights clearer. In essence, it takes giving farmers more property rights as the fundamental starting point and foothold, and clarifies the ownership of property rights from the perspective of members' rights. it gives farmers various powers such as share possession, income, paid withdrawal, mortgage, guarantee and inheritance of collective assets, and promotes the establishment of the connection mechanism between the rural collective property right system and the market.

The reform of agricultural management system: the key is to cultivate a new type of management main body. In the "Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform", it is clearly proposed that professional large households, family farms, cooperatives and other corresponding market dominant status should be given. The number of farmers is the largest, is a very large group, the right to speak should be very large. However, under the condition that the market subjects such as agricultural materials and agricultural products processing are highly organized, and the price alliance has formed and manipulated the market price, the atomized farmers are separated from each other in a loose and low-organization state. the more people, the more difficult it is to organize. on the contrary, they are engaged in vicious internal competition, unable to become complete market subjects to participate in the interests of the market game. In order to give the market dominant position of the new management subject, we must adapt the agricultural management system to the market mechanism as soon as possible. At present, what kind of market subject status should be given to large rural professional households, family farms and rural cooperatives needs to be followed up by relevant laws and regulations, otherwise, these business entities will be empty. Another problem is that the entry mechanism and exit mechanism of cooperatives have not been formed, and the relevant rights are not very clear, resulting in a lot of short cooperatives. For example, the separation of powers of agricultural land stipulated in the original policy, how to implement the separation of powers is only written in the document, and there is no way to transfer agricultural land effectively. This time the implementation plan clearly stipulates that mortgages, guarantees and loans can be made, which suddenly changes from "empty" to "solid".

The reform of agricultural development system is guided by the protection of farmers' interests. It is necessary to establish a mechanism for the sustainable development of agriculture to ensure the country's food security, and the premise is to ensure that farmers can continue to get comparative benefits from agricultural development. on the other hand, ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture depends nothing more than the incentive function of the market price of agricultural products and the guiding role of government financial input. In recent years, the cost of agricultural production has risen sharply with the rise of the price of means of production and the price of rural labor, for example, the price of rural labor is higher than that of urban labor. In rural research, farmers reported that the cost of labor was too high and that farm work had to change jobs with each other in order to reduce costs. Therefore, it will undoubtedly make the effect of the national fiscal policy deviate from the policy expectation. At the same time, no matter how high the government's agricultural financial subsidy is, it can not exceed the real benefit of the market price of agricultural products. To improve the support and protection system of agriculture, on the one hand, the guiding role of government financial investment should play a role through the driving force of the market price of agricultural products; on the other hand, the incentive role of the market price of agricultural products needs to be stimulated by the driving force of government financial investment. The incentive function of the market price of agricultural products needs the construction of the omni-directional system of the government to go further, and the construction of the system of the government can only be sustainable through the incentive function of the market price of agricultural products. The market economy does not act in accordance with the rules of the market economy. Once the pork rises, the government will hold a meeting to issue documents on how to lower the price, and once the pork falls, it will issue documents for full support. Excluding the allocation of agricultural resources from the market will inevitably lead to a lot of problems.

Reform of the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration: with the goal of development and sharing. The integration of urban and rural areas requires the equality of economic and political rights in urban and rural areas, and gives farmers an equal national treatment. In terms of economic development, the most important thing is the right of equal exchange between urban and rural areas, for example, the forcible requisition of land by the government is prohibited, and the prices of agricultural products and agricultural resources are determined by the market. The other is the equal enjoyment of public goods in urban and rural areas, regardless of race, gender or occupation. For example, most of the rural roads need farmers to raise funds, how can there be funds in the city to build roads? Electricity is a commodity, but farmers have to raise funds for electricity. Many "projects for the benefit of the people" need to be supported by villages and grass-roots units. Who will match it in the end? Most of the townships and villages have no financial capacity, and in the end, farmers pay for the construction, while the government pays for the same construction in cities. Therefore, the reason why farmers are vulnerable groups is not only because the efficiency of agriculture is low, but also because all kinds of social security such as farmers' pension are not covered by public finance, which makes the rural labor force suffer unfair treatment in the market. There is no social security for rural labor force to participate in market competition, so they have to be responsible for everything. Only by getting rid of this urban-rural dual system mechanism and making a major breakthrough in promoting the equal exchange of urban and rural elements and the balanced allocation of public resources, can farmers share the fruits of development; and only by sharing development can we give full play to farmers' main role and pioneering spirit, and constantly stimulate the vitality of rural development.

The reform of rural social governance: take the innovation of villagers' autonomy as a breakthrough. China's rural social governance in the past few thousand years has been a gentry system, which has kept the civilization of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. But at that time, it was an agricultural society, in a closed state of natural economy, and now it is an era of globalization and information. It can be said that the era we are in is the coexistence of time and space of three times: many backward areas are in the agricultural era and are in the process of development to get rid of poverty; many places have entered the industrial age and are accelerating the process of urbanization; some developed areas have entered the information age, such as the northern, Shanghai and Guangzhou regions absolutely do not lag behind the cities of western developed countries. The western developed countries have gradually evolved from the agricultural era to the industrial age and then to the information age, and we are fortunate to be in the coexistence of three times, which is the unique history of development in the history of mankind. As a populous country in the world, large-scale and rapid urbanization and modernization will undoubtedly lead to fierce collisions between tradition and modernity, system and reality, urban and rural areas, and so on. Villager autonomy is to reflect the differences, because each village is different. How to realize the innovation of rural governance? It needs to be promoted in the general pattern of the construction of political civilization, to liberalize and invigorate rural grass-roots democracy, and to innovate the effective realization form of villagers' autonomy. Promoting the reform of rural social governance and realizing the separation of politics and economy is essentially a requirement to explore effective ways to realize the fundamental transformation of rural reform from focusing on the development of productive forces to promoting the improvement of superstructure at the same time at a new historical turning point, so that rural grass-roots organizations can smoothly achieve change and rebirth in the new round of reform.